Chapter 10 Medieval Kingdoms in Europe LESSON 1 – Feudalism LESSON 2 – Peasants, Trade and Cities LESSON 3 – The Growth of European Kingdoms www.glscott.org

Peasants, Trade and Cities 1000 and 1300 AD, the population almost doubled in Europe (approx. 38 million>>>> 74 million. Why? Times were more peaceful and settled because invasions lessened Climate changed: warming trend improved farm/food output Between 1000 and 1300 AD, the population almost doubled in Europe (from approx. 38 million>>>> 74 million. Why was this? 1) Times were more peaceful and settled because invasions lessened 2) Climate changed: a warming trend improved farm / food output 3) New Methods of Farming: 1) Carruca: heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare that was pulled by 6-8 oxen 2) New farming villages: people could not afford expensive farm equipment on their own, so they worked together and shared their equipment 3) Three Field System: Planted two fields, let one rest in order for the fields to regain soil fertility. www.glscott.org

Peasants, Trade and Cities 3) New Methods of Farming: Carruca: heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare that was pulled by 6-8 oxen Between 1000 and 1300 AD, the population almost doubled in Europe (from approx. 38 million>>>> 74 million. Why was this? 1) Times were more peaceful and settled because invasions lessened 2) Climate changed: 3) New Methods of Farming: 1) Carruca: heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare that was pulled by 6-8 oxen 2) New farming villages: people could not afford expensive farm equipment on their own, so they worked together and shared their equipment 3) Three Field System: Planted two fields, let one rest in order for the fields to regain soil fertility. www.glscott.org

Peasants, Trade and Cities 2) New farming villages: people could not afford expensive farm equipment on their own, so they worked together and shared their equipment 3) Three Field System: Planted two fields, let one rest in order for the fields to regain soil fertility. Between 1000 and 1300 AD, the population almost doubled in Europe (from approx. 38 million>>>> 74 million. Why was this? 1) Times were more peaceful and settled because invasions lessened 2) Climate changed: 3) New Methods of Farming: 1) Carruca: heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare that was pulled by 6-8 oxen 2) New farming villages: people could not afford expensive farm equipment on their own, so they worked together and shared their equipment 3) Three Field System: Planted two fields, let one rest in order for the fields to regain soil fertility. www.glscott.org

THE MANORIAL SYSTEM Feudalism was the political and economic system in Europe during these Middle Ages MANORIALISM was the economic support for it. Manor is an agricultural estate that was part of a lord or vassal's land holdings. The Manorial System Feudalism was the political and economic system in Europe during these Middle Ages; MANORIALISM was the economic support for it. A Manor was an agricultural estate that was part of a lord or vassal's land holdings. The serfs that worked that land were actually part of the holding as well. They were not slaves but they couldn't leave the land without permission . They did agricultural and other types of labor, plus they paid rent , usually in the form of crops. Their lives were very simple : www.glscott.org

THE MANORIAL SYSTEM The serfs that worked that land were actually part of the holding as well. Not slaves but they couldn't leave the land without permission. They did agricultural and other types of labor, plus they paid rent usually in the form of crops. The Manorial System Feudalism was the political and economic system in Europe during these Middle Ages; MANORIALISM was the economic support for it. A Manor was an agricultural estate that was part of a lord or vassal's land holdings. The serfs that worked that land were actually part of the holding as well. They were not slaves but they couldn't leave the land without permission . They did agricultural and other types of labor, plus they paid rent , usually in the form of crops. Their lives were very simple : www.glscott.org

THE MANORIAL SYSTEM Their lives were very simple: stick type huts with thatched roofs 2) small plot of land for their use 3) bread-main part of their diet 4) ate vegetable soup when available - rarely ate meat 5) most lived in small villages which were controlled by the lord as part of his fief. The Manorial System Feudalism was the political and economic system in Europe during these Middle Ages; MANORIALISM was the economic support for it. A Manor was an agricultural estate that was part of a lord or vassal's land holdings. The serfs that worked that land were actually part of the holding as well. They were not slaves but they couldn't leave the land without permission . They did agricultural and other types of labor, plus they paid rent , usually in the form of crops. Their lives were very simple : 1) stick type huts with thatched roofs 2) small plot of land for their use 3) bread was the main part of their diet 4) ate vegetable soup when available - rarely ate meat 5) most lived in small villages which were controlled by the lord as part of his fief. www.glscott.org

THE MANORIAL SYSTEM The Revival of Trade Trade had gradually stopped after the fall of western Rome in 476 A.D. 2) Began a gradual recovery by the 1000-1100's 3) Some Italian cities sprang back first and developed fleets of ships that allowed them to become major trade centers. The Revival of Trade 1) Trade had stopped after the fall of western Rome in 476 A.D. 2) Began a gradual recovery by the 1000-1100's . 3) Some Italian cities sprang back first and developed fleets of ships that allowed them to become major trade centers. 4) In Northern Europe, which was known as Flanders , some trade cities began to form along the North Sea and Baltic Sea regions. 5) Hanseatic League: the northern cities joined together to protect trade and to promote economic gain in their areas. 6) Trade Fairs: were established by: The Counts of Champagne (in N. France) Merchants could exchange goods with merchants from other areas. This also encouraged a demand for payment in gold and silver . It also led to the development of a monetary economy , rather than barter. www.glscott.org

THE MANORIAL SYSTEM The Revival of Trade 4) In Northern Europe, which was known as Flanders , some trade cities began to form along the North Sea and Baltic Sea regions. The Revival of Trade 1) Trade had stopped after the fall of western Rome in 476 A.D. 2) Began a gradual recovery by the 1000-1100's . 3) Some Italian cities sprang back first and developed fleets of ships that allowed them to become major trade centers. 4) In Northern Europe, which was known as Flanders , some trade cities began to form along the North Sea and Baltic Sea regions. 5) Hanseatic League: the northern cities joined together to protect trade and to promote economic gain in their areas. 6) Trade Fairs: were established by: The Counts of Champagne (in N. France) Merchants could exchange goods with merchants from other areas. This also encouraged a demand for payment in gold and silver . It also led to the development of a monetary economy , rather than barter. www.glscott.org

THE MANORIAL SYSTEM The Revival of Trade 5) Hanseatic League: the northern cities joined together to protect trade and to promote economic gain in their areas. The Revival of Trade 1) Trade had stopped after the fall of western Rome in 476 A.D. 2) Began a gradual recovery by the 1000-1100's . 3) Some Italian cities sprang back first and developed fleets of ships that allowed them to become major trade centers. 4) In Northern Europe, which was known as Flanders , some trade cities began to form along the North Sea and Baltic Sea regions. 5) Hanseatic League: the northern cities joined together to protect trade and to promote economic gain in their areas. 6) Trade Fairs: were established by: The Counts of Champagne (in N. France) Merchants could exchange goods with merchants from other areas. This also encouraged a demand for payment in gold and silver . It also led to the development of a monetary economy , rather than barter. www.glscott.org

THE MANORIAL SYSTEM The Revival of Trade 6) Trade Fairs: were established by: The Counts of Champagne (in N. France) Merchants could exchange goods with merchants from other areas. Encouraged a demand for payment in gold and silver. Led to the development of a monetary economy, rather than barter. The Revival of Trade 1) Trade had stopped after the fall of western Rome in 476 A.D. 2) Began a gradual recovery by the 1000-1100's . 3) Some Italian cities sprang back first and developed fleets of ships that allowed them to become major trade centers. 4) In Northern Europe, which was known as Flanders , some trade cities began to form along the North Sea and Baltic Sea regions. 5) Hanseatic League: the northern cities joined together to protect trade and to promote economic gain in their areas. 6) Trade Fairs: were established by: The Counts of Champagne (in N. France) Merchants could exchange goods with merchants from other areas. This also encouraged a demand for payment in gold and silver . It also led to the development of a monetary economy , rather than barter. www.glscott.org

2) The growth in trade led to a revival of the cities The Growth of Cities Town/City life had greatly declined, but merchants began to settle in old abandoned Roman cities. 2) The growth in trade led to a revival of the cities 3) Many craftspeople with skills soon followed and populations began to grow 4) New cities were also founded. www.glscott.org

3) Many craftspeople with skills soon The Growth of Cities 3) Many craftspeople with skills soon followed and populations began to grow 4) New cities were also founded. 3) Many craftspeople with skills soon followed and populations began to grow 4) New cities were also founded. www.glscott.org

The Growth of Cities 5) Most towns were part of a lord's holding and were therefore subject to his authority and control. 6) The lords saw an opportunity to make a profit by selling privileges and liberties to the people who acquired freedoms and rights in this way. The Growth of Cities ( p. 234) 5) Most towns were part of a lord's holding and were therefore subject to his authority and control. 6) The lords saw an opportunity to make a profit by selling privileges and liberties to the people who acquired freedoms and rights in this way. 7) Merchants were called bourgeoisie (from the German word, burger ) which meant "a walled enclosure." 8) Different groups of craftsmen and artisans established guilds to set quality standards for the goods produced. This improved economic conditions in the cities. www.glscott.org

7) Merchants were called bourgeoisie (from The Growth of Cities 7) Merchants were called bourgeoisie (from the German word, burger ) which meant "a walled enclosure." 8) Different groups of craftsmen and artisans established guilds to set quality standards for the goods produced. This improved economic conditions in the cities. The Growth of Cities ( p. 234) 5) Most towns were part of a lord's holding and were therefore subject to his authority and control. 6) The lords saw an opportunity to make a profit by selling privileges and liberties to the people who acquired freedoms and rights in this way. 7) Merchants were called bourgeoisie (from the German word, burger ) which meant "a walled enclosure." 8) Different groups of craftsmen and artisans established guilds to set quality standards for the goods produced. This improved economic conditions in the cities. www.glscott.org

small: most populations around 5,000 Characteristics of Cities small: most populations around 5,000 walled: small area and were very crowded Characteristics of Cities small: most populations were only around 5,000 walled: they had a small area and were very crowded Horrible conditions: dirty, smelly, polluted with human and animal waste More men than women Guilds: merchants of the same type set quality standards for goods produced www.glscott.org

3) Horrible conditions: dirty, smelly, polluted Characteristics of Cities 3) Horrible conditions: dirty, smelly, polluted with human and animal waste Characteristics of Cities small: most populations were only around 5,000 walled: they had a small area and were very crowded Horrible conditions: dirty, smelly, polluted with human and animal waste More men than women Guilds: merchants of the same type set quality standards for goods produced www.glscott.org

5) Guilds: merchants of the same type set Characteristics of Cities 4) More men than women 5) Guilds: merchants of the same type set quality standards for goods produced Characteristics of Cities small: most populations were only around 5,000 walled: they had a small area and were very crowded Horrible conditions: dirty, smelly, polluted with human and animal waste More men than women Guilds: merchants of the same type set quality standards for goods produced www.glscott.org