Chapter 9 Review
What does kinetic mean??
Motion
What are the four parts of the kinetic theory?
Kinetic Theory of Gases Negligible volume Move in rapid, constant straight-line motion Collide elastically No net loss in kinetic energy Far apart with no attractive or repulsive force
The measure of average kinetic energy is called what??
Temperature
What is absolute zero?
0 K – where all molecular motion would stop
What is the only state of matter that can be compressed?
Gas
What is the equation for pressure?
Force/ area
What causes pressure?
Collisions of particles
What happens to pressure as you climb a mountain?
Decreases
What is the SI unit of pressure?
Pascal
What instrument is used to measure pressure?
Barometer
What do solids and liquids have that gases do not?
Attractive Forces
What are intermolecular forces?
forces between compounds that hold these compounds together.
Put the three states of matter in order of greatest to least fluid
Gas, Liquid, Solid
What is viscosity?
Resistance to flow
How does increasing the temperature affect viscosity?
It lowers the viscosity
How is evaporation a cooling process?
As high speed particles escape this lowers the average kinetic energy and therefore the temperature
What is evaporation?
The conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor below its boiling point is evaporation
What is a boiling point?
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure
Why can the temperature of a liquid never be above its boiling point?
The more heat that is supplied, the faster the liquid will burn until it all boils away. The energy being added is being used to break the intermolecular forces.
What is an allotrope?
2 or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same state.
What is a type of solid that has no internal order?
Amorphous solid
How do amorphous solids differ from crystalline solids when shattered?
When a crystalline solid is shattered, the fragments have the same surface angles as the original solid When an amorphous solid is shattered the fragments have irregular angles and jagged edges.
What are the three phase changes in which heat must be added in order for them to occur?
Sublimation, Melting, Vaporization
What is the critical point on a phase diagram?
above this temperature, the substance can only exist as a gas
What is plasma?
Gaseous mixture of electrons and positive ions