Transportation Safety & Distracted Driving Meagan Larrea Graduate Student University of Idaho ***Please update The name, title, and school affiliation to reflect the person who will be giving the presentation at your institution. The key take away from this slide should be: 1.) who you are, and 2.) you are a part of a 5 university team in the pacific northwest concerned with teenage distracted driving.

My engineering disciplines Civil engineering Design, construct, and maintain the physical and naturally built environment Examples: Roads, bridges, buildings Transportation engineering The safe and efficient movement of people and goods Examples: Design, operations, planning ***Please update The My engineering disciplines slide to reflect the person who will be giving the presentation at your institution. The key take away from this slide should be: 1.) What area do you work in, and 2.) Briefly what does that mean you do.

What is driver distraction? Diminished attention from the driving task In-vehicle devices, passengers, eating, cognitive distraction The key take away from this slide should be: 1.) We define driver distraction as anything that reduces our focus on the driving task, 2.) The driving task is scientifically described as involving elements of control, guidance, and navigation 2.) Distractions can take numerous forms such as in-vehicle devices like smart phones and ipads, eating, talking, etc. From: autos.aol.com/gallery/driver-distractions/

THERE ARE THREE MAIN TYPES OF DISTRACTION · Manual · Visual · Cognitive The key take away from this slide should be: 1.) There are 3 main types of distraction. Manual, visual and cognitive. 2.) An example of a manual distraction could include - You need to change the radio. You reach for the dial.

THERE ARE THREE MAIN TYPES OF DISTRACTION · Manual · Visual · Cognitive The key take away from this slide should be: 1.) An example of a manual distraction could include - You look down to see what station you're tuning in.

THERE ARE THREE MAIN TYPES OF DISTRACTION · Manual · Visual · Cognitive The key take away from this slide should be: 1.) An example of a cognitive distraction could include - You think about what kind of music is playing or what kind of music you'd like to be playing. 2.) All three types of distractions can happen simultaneously - That's why texting is such a dangerous distraction, because it requires attention in all three categories. You have to type. You have to look at the screen. You have to think about what you want to say. Your mind has to tell your fingers what to type, etc.

The key take away from this slide should be: 1.) Let’s dissect some of the behaviors we observed in the last video. 2.) What are some problems with how the driver is driving in this picture? What is the driver doing with his hands? Where should the drivers hands be? Does any one know the name of this type of distraction? 3.) What are other distractions where a driver may take their hands off the wheel. - Other types of manual distractions would be eating, changing music or radio, reaching for something in the back seat, texting, etc.

What is he looking at in this photo? Is he looking at the road? The key take away from this slide should be: 1.) So what kind of distraction is happening? Does any one know the name of this type of distraction? 2.) What are other distractions where a driver may take their eyes off the road? - Other types of visual distractions would be looking at a map, programming a GPS, looking at a passenger instead of the road, or looking down to text...

The key take away from this slide should be: 1.) So the driver is reading his paperwork and filling out that form. If he’s thinking about what he is reading and what he is writing—What do we call this type of distraction, where you mind is not focused on driving? 2.) This combination of behaviors includes all three types of distractions - Manually: hands not on the wheel; Visually: not looking at the road; Cognitively: Not thinking about driving

Activity 1: Divided Attention Count and record the number of passes that the basketball team in white makes. This is a challenging task, it will require most of your attention, if you focus you should be successful. Instructions: 1.) Count and record the number of passes that the basketball team in white makes. This is a challenging task, it will require most of your attention, if you focus you should be successful. 2.) Play the video – pause at 24 seconds; ask how many passes the students counted? 3.) Watch the remainder of the video to determine what you may have missed. – There is a moonwalking Bear in the middle of the game The key take away from this slide should be: 1.) it is very easy to miss critical information when you are distracted

Driver Distraction Impacts… Driver response time and following distance (Strayer & Drews, 2004) Ability to attend to roadway hazards (Fisher et al., 2002) Injuries and fatalities from motor vehicle crashes Worldwide: 3000 fatalities/day (Peden et al, 2004) US: No. 1 cause of death among individuals aged 4 to 34 (Subramanian, 2006) The key take away from this slide should be: 1.) Significant research has been conducted to better understand the impacts of distracted driving 2.) We know that driver response times increase when distracted, and following distances are more variable 3.) We also know that our ability to detect roadway hazards is reduced 4.) An examination of crash data suggests that 3000 fatalities / day occur on our roads and that crashes are the leading cause of death for people age 4 to 34

Age-related differences in crash rates The key take away from this slide should be: 1.) This is a plot that normalizes crash risk as it relates to age. 2.) We can see that the most vulnerable populations are drivers under the age of 25 (specifically 16 to 18 year olds) and over 70. From: www.asaging.org/cdc/module4/phase1/phase1_1b.cfm

Quantify driver performance Control: Steering, speeding, and braking Physiological: Heart rate variability Behavior: Eye tracking patterns Perceptions: Surveys Heart rate monitor The key take away from this slide should be: 1.) There are a few different ways in which we can measure driver performance: A.) Control – direct interaction with the vehicle i.e. steering speeding and breaking B.) Physiological – Heart rate variability C.) Behavior – Eye tracking patterns D.) Perception - Surveys

Conclusions The key take away from this slide should be: 1.) Review a definition of distracted driving that includes the categories of distraction 2.) Connect distracted driving to increased crash risk by increased reaction time and diverting the visual search task ???

Acknowledgements Contact: Meagan Larrea Graduate Student University of Idaho Email: larr0162@vandals.uidaho.edu ***Please update The name, position, institution, email, and website to reflect the person who will be giving the presentation at your institution.