Reconstruction Ends

Reconstruction -North becomes weary of Reconstruction High taxes, corruption -Republicans split over Grant scandals Credit Mobilier Railroad Co. and government splitting profits Whiskey Ring Cabinet takes bribes so investors will not have to pay excise taxes

Reconstruction -Panic of 1873 Investors not paying enough to cover debts Economy in sharp decline -Radicals have less and less control over South Problems weaken Republicans; people pay less attention to South

Compromise of 1877 -1876 election Samuel Tilden and Rutherford Hayes run for election Tilden wins popular vote, one short of Electoral majority -No electoral winner -Some southern votes are disputed 20 Southern Electoral votes disputed (LA, FL, SC) -Hayes is given all disputed electoral votes -Southern states threaten succession again Samuel Tilden (Democrat) Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican)

Election of 1876 Why is it odd that Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida’s electoral votes are cast for Hayes?

Deal is Made -Compromise is made -Republican Hayes wins the election Even though Tilden wins popular vote (deal with S) -Northern troops taken out of the South -Reconstruction ends -Home Rule of South reverses many advances Democrats regain control of all Southern states Reverse legislation

This cartoon was drawn after the 1864 Chicago Convention, where Copperheads promoted peace with the South. The same sentiments were felt after the Compromise of 1877.

New Rules -Black Codes Strict laws blacks were to follow in the South -Jim Crow laws -Segregation Legal separation of the races -KKK (Tennessee, 1866) political: get Republicans out of power economic: keep blacks from gaining economic status social: restore white supremacy; keep blacks from voting

“[The Klan] broke my door open, took me out of bed, took me to the woods and whipped me, ‘Do you think you will ever vote another damned radical ticket?’…I supposed they would kill me anyhow. I said, ‘If there was an election tomorrow, I would vote the radical ticket.’ They set in and whipped me a thousand licks more, with sticks and straps that had buckles on the ends of them.” ~Testimony to the Joint Select Committee to inquire into the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States (Congress)

What is the artist trying to say about the members of the newly-formed KKK?

New Rules -Financial Control To keep blacks down, Klan members refuse to employ blacks who vote Republican Terrorize those who aid blacks

Black Georgia Representative Henry Turner, 1868 Segregation -decline in freedoms Supreme Court limits government ability to control blacks’ civil rights -End of Freedmen’s Bureau Congress allowed it to expire; believed it fulfilled its purpose -End of voting -Little money Cycle of poverty -Southern leaders ignored the Constitution Jim Crow, poll taxes 14th & 15th Amendments “We have built up your country. We have worked in your fields, and garnered your harvests, for two hundred and fifty years! Do we ask you for compensation….? We are willing to let the dead past bury its dead; but we ask you now for our rights.” Black Georgia Representative Henry Turner, 1868

Atlanta Journalist Henry Grady, 1896 New South -Southern economy eventually emerged stronger than before the war -Sharecropping replaced slavery -More industry New textile and tobacco-product mills in South -Better transportation Railroads building -Politically, whites were still in control and blacks were denied citizenship Enforced by KKK and Democrats -”Solid South” emerged Democrats return to power “The new South presents a perfect democracy…a hundred farms for every plantation…and a diversified industry that meets the complex need of this complex age.” Atlanta Journalist Henry Grady, 1896