2. The Planting of English America 1607 - 1775 By: Mr. Michael R. Kahoe Del Valle High School

The New World in 1600 Most of North America unclaimed Spain – in Central & South America, West Indies, as far N. as Santa Fe France – Quebec

England’s Imperial Stirrings 1500s – England did not colonize due to internal conflicts Protestant Reformation - King Henry VIII broke with Catholic Church in 1530s Leads to rivalry with Spain

Elizabeth I Daughter of Henry VIII Protestant Beloved and capable “Virgin” Queen

Francis Drake Francis Drake – a pirate under the employ of Elizabeth I Captured much Spanish gold Knighted by the Queen

Sir Walter Raleigh Attempts first English colony in N. America, Roanoke Island

The Spanish Armada King Phillip II of Spain (the “most Catholic King”) raises a huge Armada to invade England Elizabeth I readies her defenses The two navies clash in the English Channel

England on Eve of the Empire Victory over Spain catapults Britain to new heights Strong leader Nationalism Religious unity Golden age of literature (Shakespeare) Naval dominance of the sea

Reasons For English Migration Wool England’s woolen industry was booming Farms turned into pastures Tenant farmers had no place to go Overpopulation Searching for a less crowded land Primogeniture 1st born son inherits Religious Dissent Many Protestants disagreed with the Anglican Church Economic Incentive Joint-stock companies and others wanted to invest in the Americas

Jamestown (1607) Early Troubles Winter of 1609 – “the starving time” Bad trip 39 of the 144 settlers died Bad Location Malaria infested swamp-land Half of the settlers died Indian attacks People did not want to work Winter of 1609 – “the starving time” Some colonists resorted to cannibalism

Captain John Smith John Smith was a courageous adventurer and somewhat of a scoundrel Charged with mutiny on the trip to America Charges were later dropped John Smith saved the colony from disaster Befriended Chief Powhatan Tribe provided the colonists with food

Pocahontas Pocahontas was one of the daughters of Chief Powhatan 12 yrs, beautiful (maybe) Real name was Matowaka Pocahontas mean “frisky” or “lively one” John Smith said Pocahontas saved his life At age 17 was kidnapped by the Jamestown colonists Married John Rolf Became Christian & changed name to Lady Rebecca and traveled to England Died of smallpox at age 22

What did Pocahontas really look like?

Jamestown Survives 1610 – Lord De La Warr 1613 – A cash crop! 1619 John Rolf created a variety of tobacco that was liked in England 1619 90 women arrive House of Burgesses – the first legislative body, meets A Dutch ships arrives bearing America’s first African slaves

War with the Powhatans! Powhatans considered colonists allies at first Colonists begin to steal food War breaks out First Anglo-Powhatan War ends in 1614 Pocahontas marries John Rolfe 1622 – Powhatans attack again Killing 347 settlers, including Rolfe 1644 – Second Anglo-Powhatan War

Maryland: Catholic Haven 1634 founded by Lord Baltimore 2nd plantation, 4th overall Catholic refuge Big estates to rich Catholics Protestants inhabited outlining areas Cash crop: Tobacco Many indentured servants

Maryland

Maryland’s Act of Toleration 1649 - Lord Baltimore issued the Act of Toleration to protect his fellow Catholics Guaranteed religious toleration to all CHRISTIANS Death to Jews & atheists!

The West Indies With Spain declining, England got a foothold in the West Indies Jamaica (1655) Cash crop: Sugar

Slave Codes Thousands of slaves needed for the sugar cane plantations Indians all died out Turn to African slaves Barbados slave codes created to define rights of masters Strict, w/ severe punishments

English Civil War Civil War in England interrupts colonization King Charles I is beheaded Oliver Cromwell rules for the next 10 years The Restoration – Charles II is restored to the throne

Colonizing the Carolinas 1670, Carolina named after Charles II Grew quickly by developing ties with the West Indies Charleston Supplied foodstuffs Cash crop: Rice & indigo Utilized slave codes African slaves Fought off Spanish & Indian raids

North Carolina 1712, North Carolina separates from S. Carolina Made up of squatters from Virginia In remote regions, isolated Resistance to authority Strong willed Cash crop: small tobacco farming

Tuscarora Indians 1711, the Tuscarora Indians attack N. Carolina Carolinians respond by driving the Indians away from the area Tuscaroras move north and join the Iroquois Confederation

Georgia: The Buffer Colony 1733, named after King George II, Georgia becomes 13th colony Founded by philanthropists, including James Oglethorpe A refuge for debtors Used as a “buffer” zone between British & Spanish, French, & hostile Indians Religious tolerance, except for Catholics

James Oglethorpe Was a soldier & statesman Kept Georgia going by repelling enemy attacks & using his own fortune Nonetheless Georgia grew slowly

Southern Colonies Recap: Slavery Not many cities People spread out Not many schools or churches Religious tolerance Crops: tobacco, rice, indigo Lots of fights with Natives