Chapter 9: Federalist Era 1789-1800 Lesson 1: The First President EQ: What are the characteristics of a leader?

Bell Ringer: Summary Review your notes and write down you summary for Ch. 7.2. Don’t forget to also answer EQ.

Home Learning: Define Vocabulary Chapter 9, Lesson 1 precedent cabinet bond tariff

Federalists vs. Anti-federalists Constitution was written, but it had to be ratified (agreed) to by the states. People in favor of the Constitution= FEDERALISTS. People opposed to the Constitution = ANTI-FEDERALISTS.

Federal vs. State Gov. Federalists Anti-federalists Favor Federal gov. stronger than the State governments. Constitution took too much power away from state gov. Did not guarantee people’s rights. Afraid that the federal gov. would become too powerful, like the kings.

Federalists Anti-federalists Supported removing some powers from the states and giving more powers to the Federal Government Wanted important political powers to remain with the states Favored dividing powers among different branches of government Wanted the Legislative Branch to have more power than the Executive Branch Proposed a single person to lead the Executive Branch Feared that a strong executive might become a king or a tyrant Believed a Bill of Rights needed to be added to the Constitution to protect people’s rights

The Federalist Papers Three politicians wrote The Federalist Papers and printed in New York newspapers. The papers argued in favor of ratifying the Constitution. John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison wrote the Federalist Papers.

Nation was divided between Federalists and the Anti – federalists. Federalists outnumbered the Anti-federalists. Founding Fathers didn’t want the country to be divided. So, they agreed to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution. This convinced all states to ratify the constitution.

The Bill of Rights James Madison drafted the Bill of Rights He added these ten amendments to the Constitution—all states agreed. In 1791 these rights became law.

Activity: Washington Takes Office Read Washington Takes Office Ch. 9, Lesson 1 (pg. 252-254) Create a Presidential Profile Categories to Include: Name him, year he takes office Name Vice President Image (portrait) Accomplishment: Identify and explain one of Washington’s accomplishments in detail. Write one paragraph: Explain his accomplishment. Why do you think his accomplishment is important?

Washington Takes Office Election Elected in 1789 Vice President  John Adams Washington established precedents (traditions) followed by other presidents Accomplishments Judiciary Act of 1789 set up court system Bill of Rights protects liberties ( ex. freedom of speech)

Washington’s Cabinet Three Departments & two Offices State Dept.: manages foreign relations - Thomas Jefferson Dept. of Treasury: handles financial matters – Alexander Hamilton Dept. of War: provided for the nations defense Attorney General: Handles legal affairs http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/george-washington/videos/george-washingtons-precedents

Alex Hamilton Fixes the Economy USA in Financial Trouble Federal gov. was in debt after the American Revolution –owes to foreign countries and to American citizens US federal government issued bonds (paper notes) promising to pay back in certain length of time. The gov. needs to pay this debt!

Hamilton’s Plan to Fix the Economy Read 255-257 Identify and explain Hamilton’s 3 Plans to fix the economy Hamilton’s Plans to fix the economy

1. Hamilton's Plan to Pay Debt Plan: Pay Back Debt Pay back borrowed money to other countries and American citizens; pay off the debt of state governments. Opposition to Hamilton Southern states didn’t want the federal government to pay ALL states’ debt = Southern states had built less debt than Northern States. Hamilton’s Solution To win support of Southern States = the state capital is moved to the South = Washington, DC (between Maryland and Virginia).

2. Hamilton and the Bank To build a STRONG National Economy Plan: Hamilton asked Congress to create a National Bank. Bank will print a single type of money for ALL States Opposed by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson who believed the bank would only help the wealthy—Washington supported it.

3. Hamilton and the Tariff Plan: He proposes a tariff (tax on imports from foreign countries) to help American companies Foreign products are EXPENSIVE, American made products are Affordable

Before you Advertise As you watch the video answer the following questions? Why did President Washington choose Washington, DC (located between Virginia and Maryland) as our capital? What was Washington DC like before it was built? http://www.history.com/topics/us-states/washington-dc/videos/washington-d-c?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

Conclusion: Characteristics of a Leader So far you have learned about Alexander Hamilton and George Washington. Answer the following: What are the characteristics of a leader? After reading the lesson, why do you think Washington was a good leader? After reading the lesson, why do you think Alexander Hamilton was a good leader?

EXTRA, EXTRA: Read all about Alexander’s Plan to Fix the US Economy Now that you know about Alex Hamilton. Write a newspaper article reporting on his three plans to fix the US economy. Use your book: pg. 255-57 and notes REMEMBER: What, Who, When, Where, Why, and How? September 18, 1789

Activity: The new capital Washington, DC. Make an advertisement to gain support for locating the United States capital in Washington DC. You must: Write a description of the location List the benefits of the new location Explain why Alexander Hamilton wants to move the capital to Washington DC. http://www.history.com/topics/us-states/washington-dc/videos/washington-dc