Characteristics of eusocial societies

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Presentation transcript:

Characteristics of eusocial societies 1. Group Living 2. Overlap of Two or More Generations 3. Cooperative Care of the Young 4. Reproductive Division of Labor - reproductive skew Helping instead of reproducing is altruistic. This was a HUGE problem for Darwin - thought that it doomed natural selection. Darwin was a great thinker, though!

Where has eusociality evolved (sterility)? Taxa number of times Insects: Hymenoptera Ants, bees, wasps 11 Isoptera Termites 1 Homoptera Gall-forming aphids 1 Coleoptera Bark-nesting weavils 1 Thysanoptera Gall-forming thrips 1 Non-insects Snapping shrimps and naked mole rats 2 Total 17

Evolution of Social Behavior in Hymenoptera

Eciton burchelli, photo Alex Wild

number of new workers (log) current number of workers (log)

Gall Aphids

Social Australian gall thrips

Synalpheus regalia

From Duffy 1996 Nature

Naked Mole Rats

Eusociality has Evolved Twice in Molerats

Live in: Large under ground tunnel systems Harsh environments Dispersal is very costly (there may even be a “dispersal caste”)

Something in common among these groups? Live and feed in highly specialized habitat they created (or modified) that is defensible by specialized casts.

Something in common among these groups? Can have large numbers of individuals (up to many million), facilitating the acquisition of resources and production of new individuals.

Something in common among these groups? Next time… division of labor.