HOS1010C - Introduction to Horticulture IRRIGATION FCHP Chapter 6 - Part 2 HOS1010C - Introduction to Horticulture

6.9 Describe methods for measuring water output in an irrigation system. The most common method of measuring irrigation system output is the “catch can” test. Place container (cups, jars, cans) evenly around sprinklers. Run the irrigation for a set amount of time Measure the depth of water collected in each container 70 to 80 percent is considered good uniformity. Above 80% is considered excellent.

6.10 Explain Best Management Practices (BMPs). Refer to the FCHP Manual page VI-5 and VI-6 Do not exceed absorption and water-holding capacity of soil. Do not exceed moisture storing ability of root zone. Never over-irrigate. Use water/moisture sensing and measuring devices. Schedule to coincide with application of chemicals. When fertilizing, irrigate from 1/4 to 1/2-inch to avoid leaching of N and increase uptake. Promote healthy and deep roots to reduce irrigation requirements. Reset controllers to account for weather and climate (seasonal) changes. Monitor irrigation system regularly (daily) and test for uniformity where applicable.

6.11 Describe a well-designed, automatic irrigation system. Florida’s 67 counties have different regulations and requirements. Design systems to meet peak requirements and be flexible enough to adapt to water demand, local restrictions and seasonal changes (rain shut-off devices, back flow prevention). Application rate cannot exceed absorption ability (prevents run-off). System operating pressure cannot exceed the source pressure and should account for pressure fluctuation and expansion. Have zones so that different irrigation needs can be accounted for without over or under watering. http://www.irrigationtutorials.com/

6.11 Describe a well-designed, automatic irrigation system. Irrigation systems have 3 main components: Water Supply (Source, pump, filters, valves) Conveyance System (main line, manifold, lateral lines, spaghetti tubes) Distribution Device (various sprinklers, sprays, emitters) Distribution devices, pipe sizes and spacing should allow for efficient and uniform coverage. Distribution devices in a zone must have the same precipitation rate Design should be site specific and should limit off-site impact. Use thrust blocks and air release valves to prevent system damage. Use check valves to prevent low-head drainage. Non-planted areas should not be irrigated (driveways, side walks)

6.12 Explain the benefits of micro-irrigation. Generally, irrigation is most efficient when it does NOT wet the foliage of plants. Drip and trickle micro-irrigation is the most efficient and effective irrigation method for landscape and large container plant production Efficient - requires less water to meet plants needs; less water is lost to evaporation No restrictions on when water is applied. Read over advantages and disadvantages of drip vs. spray/microsprinkler devices (FCHP, page VI-7).

6.13 List the problems associated with improper design, installation and maintenance of irrigation. Over and under-watering (lack of or improper zones). Application or run-off to non-target areas (street, sidewalks, gutters) Objects interfering with irrigation pattern. Wasted water from undetected leaks, broken pipes…

6.15 Apply general knowledge of appropriate state laws to irrigation practices. In Florida, many agencies have jurisdiction over irrigation projects before, during and after construction. For example: Florida’s 5 Water Management Districts Florida Department of Health Florida Department of Environmental Protection Local Governments (city, county)

Below are permitting and regulatory guidelines: 6.15 Apply general knowledge of appropriate state laws to irrigation practices. Below are permitting and regulatory guidelines: Contact local and state regulatory agencies to determine current regulations and criteria. Obtain all permits before construction. Abide by permit conditions and current water restrictions. Obtain any needed variances before irrigating.

St. John’s River Water Management District. 6.16 Understand the effects of the Water Management District’s rules and regulations in regard to landscape maintenance. St. John’s River Water Management District. http://sjr.state.fl.us/wateringrestrictions/index.html