Principle Of Learning and Education Course NUR 314 Chapter 1 Overview of Education in Health Care

Evolution of the teaching role of nurses Health education has long been considered a standard caregiving role of the nurse. Patient teaching is recognized as an independent nursing function. Nursing practice has expanded to include education in the broad concepts of health and illness.

Evolution of the teaching role of nurses (cont’d) American Hospital Association (AHA) Patient’s Bill of Rights ensures that clients receive complete and current information. Patient education was a significant part of Patient’s Bill of Rights. The Joint Commission (TJC) Accreditation mandates require evidence of patient education to improve outcomes.

Evolution of the teaching role of nurses (Cont’) Healthy People 2000, Healthy People 2010, and Health People 2020 established educational programs. Pew Health Professions Commission Put forth a set of health profession competencies for the 21st century Many of the competencies deal with teaching.

Evolution of the teaching role of nurses (cont’d) In nursing, patient education has long been a major component. Florence Nightingale was the ultimate educator. National League of Nursing Education (NLNE), now the National League for Nursing (NLN) Observed in 1918 that health teaching is an important function within the scope of nursing practice

Evolution of the teaching role of nurses (cont’d) American Nurses Association (ANA) Responsible for establishing standards and qualifications for practice, including patient teaching International Council of Nurses (ICN) Endorses health education as an essential component of nursing care delivery

Evolution of the teaching role of nurses (cont’d) State Nurse Practice Acts Universally include teaching within the scope of nursing practice Nursing career ladders often incorporate teaching effectiveness as a measure of excellence in practice.

Purpose, Goals, and Benefits of Client and Staff Education Purpose: To increase the competence and confidence of clients to manage their own self-care and of staff and students to deliver high-quality care Benefits of education to clients: Increases consumer satisfaction Improves quality of life Ensures continuity of care

Purpose, Goals, and Benefits (cont’d) Decreases client anxiety Reduces incidence of illness complications Promotes adherence to treatment plans Maximizes independence Empowers consumers to become involved in planning their own care

Purpose, Goals, and Benefits (cont’d) Benefits of education to staff: Enhances job satisfaction Improves therapeutic relationships Increases autonomy in practice Provides opportunity to create change that matters

The Education Process Definition of Terms Education Process: A systematic, sequential, planned course of action on the part of both the teacher and learner to achieve the outcomes of teaching and learning Teaching/Instruction: A deliberate intervention that involves sharing information and experiences to meet the intended learner outcomes

The Education Process (cont’d) Learning: A change in behavior (knowledge, attitudes, and/or skills) that can be observed or measured, and that can occur at any time or in any place as a result of exposure to environmental stimuli

The Education Process (cont’d) Patient Education: The process of helping clients learn health-related behaviors to achieve the goal of optimal health and independence in self-care Staff Education: The process of helping nurses acquire knowledge, attitudes, and skills to improve the delivery of quality care to the consumer

ASSURE Model A useful paradigm to assist nurses to organize and carry out the education process Analyze the learner State the objectives Select instructional methods and materials Use instructional methods and materials Require learner performance Evaluate/revise the teaching plan

Contemporary Role of the Nurse As Educator Nurses act in the role of educator for a diverse audience of learners—patients and their family members, nursing students, nursing staff, and other agency personnel. Despite the varied levels of basic nursing school preparation, legal and accreditation mandates have made the educator role integral to all nurses.

Contemporary Role of the Nurse As Educator The partnership philosophy stresses the participatory nature of the teaching and learning process. The new educational paradigm focuses on the learner learning. Instead of the teacher teaching The nurse becomes the “guide on the side.”

Contemporary Role of the Nurse As Educator Nursing education transformation Gap between nursing education and practice Patient engagement Nursing Alliance for Quality Care (NAQC) goals: Consumer-centered health care, performance measurement and public reporting, advocacy, and leadership

Contemporary Role of the Nurse As Educator Quality and safety education in nursing Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Quality and Safety Education in Nursing (QSEN) competencies: Patient-centered care Teamwork and collaboration Evidence-based practice

RWJF Quality and Safety Education in Nursing competencies (cont’d): Quality improvement Informatics Safety

Institute of Medicine (IOM) The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health Written in response to the Affordable Care Act Describes the role of nursing in a transformed healthcare system

Institute of Medicine (cont’d) The Future of Nursing recommendations: Remove scope of practice barriers Expand opportunities for nurses to lead in collaborative efforts Implement nurse residency programs

Institute of Medicine (cont’d) The Future of Nursing recommendations (cont’d): Increase proportion of nurses with baccalaureate degrees to 80% by 2020 Double number of nurses with a doctorate by 2020

Institute of Medicine (cont’d) The Future of Nursing recommendations (cont’d): Prepare and enable nurses to lead change to advance health Build infrastructure for the collection and analysis of data Ensure that nurses engage in lifelong learning

Barriers to Teaching Barriers to teaching are those factors impeding the nurse’s ability to optimally deliver educational services.

Major barriers to teaching include lack of time low-priority status given to teaching Lack of confidence and competence Questionable effectiveness of client education Documentation difficulties Absence of third party reimbursement Negative influence of environment Lack of motivation and skills

Obstacles to Learning Obstacles to learning are those factors that negatively impact on the learner’s ability to attend to and process information.

Major Obstacles to Learning lack of time Stress of illness Readiness to learn complexity ,inconvenience of health care system Denial of learning need lack of support from health professional Extent of needed behavior changes Negative influence of environment Literacy problem

Reference Bastable, S. (2014): Nurse As Educator: Principles of Teaching and Learning For Nursing Practice. 3rd ed Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury.