Subtopic (a) Variation

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Presentation transcript:

Subtopic (a) Variation Genetics Subtopic (a) Variation

Inheritance inherited characteristics e.g. hair colour, tongue rolling, height etc. determined by genetic information passed on from generation to generation each person receives two pieces of genetic information about each characteristic one from each parent these may be the same or different

Family tree Red hair Non red hair

Inheritance : Variation Species A species is a group of interbreeding organisms whose offspring are fertile Members of one species Male horse Female horse X Young horses (fertile)

The members of two very different species (e. g The members of two very different species (e.g. horses and cattle) cannot interbreed to form offspring Sometimes, however, the members of two fairly similar species can interbreed to produce sterile offspring Fertile offspring? Sterile offspring? The young foals are fertile They will be able to produce offspring on reaching sexual maturity Sterile offspring will not be able to produce offspring on reaching sexual maturity

Sterile offspring Male horse Female donkey X Mule (sterile) The mule will not be able to produce offspring on reaching sexual maturity

Liger

Tigon

Zorse

Inheritance : Variation Size and shape of cats Height and diameter of limpets Size and shape of dandelion leaves Number of ray florets in daisies

Although the members of a species are very similar to one another e.g. all of these pictures show dogs - they are not identical to one another This is because variation can occur within a species Variation is defined as the differences between members of a species

Inheritance : Types of variation Discontinuous variation

Continuous variation Shoe size Hand Span Height

Continuous variation CREDIT In continuous variation e.g. height in humans / stem length in plants There is a wide range of individuals ( values) Between two extremes Not inherited

Discontinuous variation CREDIT In discontinuous variation e.g. finger prints in humans / shape of leaves in plants There are clear cut (discrete) groups Always inherited

CREDIT discontinuous