1. Variety

2. Variation Variation is the differences that exist between members of the same species. There are 2 kinds of variation – continuous and discontinuous. In the exam, you are likely to be asked to define either continuous or discontinuous variation – so please learn these!

3. Discontinuous Variation ‘In discontinuous variation there are distinct groups with no values in between’ It can also be described as a type of variation shown by a characteristic that can be used to divide up the members of a species into 2 or more distinct groups (e.g. blood groups) This type of information is usually put into bar graphs

4. Continuous Variation ‘In continuous variation, there is a wide range of values between two extremes’. between two extremes’. It can also be described as a type of variation shown by a characteristic when it varies in an uninterrupted way from one extreme to another. (e.g. human height) This type of information is usually put into line graphs

5. Human Variation Put the following human variation into a table of Continuous or discontinuous variations HeightTongue rolling Shoe sizeHair ColourEye Colour Blood groupHandspan FingerprintsFrecklesHair Type WeightHandednessHeart Rate Continuous Discontinuous Now Copy examples

6. What do we mean by a species ?

12. YES They are all members of the same species. Animals are members of the same species if they can breed and produce young. The young must grow up and produce young of their own. What about horses? Are they members of the same species.

15. Again the answer is yes. Horses are members of the same species. Are horses and donkeys members of the same species? A Horse and donkey produce a mule. So it would seem that they are members of the same species.

18. Horses and donkeys are not members of the same species. Why? The mule that they produce is STERILE. This means that mules cannot produce young of their own.

19. Lions and tigers CAN produce young. However the young are sterile. Are lions and tigers members of the same species? No A male lion and a female tiger produce a liger which is very large. A female lion and a male tiger produce a tigon which is much smaller.

24. The definition of a species can also apply to plants. The following cabbages are all members of the same species.

26. Copy the following definition. Organisms are members of the same species if they can breed together and produce fertile offspring. Species