GLOBAL CLIMATES Figure 17.8 Baobob and acacia trees illustrate typical trees of the East African grassland savanna, a region with a tropical wet-and-dry climate (Aw).

Net Radiation by Latitude Page: 51 FIGURE 2.18 The average annual incoming solar radiation (yellow lines) absorbed by Earth and the atmosphere along with the average annual infrared radiation (red lines) emitted by Earth and the atmosphere.

AVERAGE JANUARY TEMPERATURE (°F) Page: 78 FIGURE 3.27 Average air temperature near sea level in January (°F). Temperatures in Central Antarctica are not visible on this map.

AVERAGE JULY TEMPERATURE (°F) Page: 78 FIGURE 3.28 Average air temperature near sea level in July (°F). Temperatures in Central Antarctica are not visible on this map.

Continentality Mean temperature of warmest minus coldest month

Average Sea-Level Pressure and Wind in January Page: 270 FIGURE 10.5 Average sea-level pressure distribution and surface wind-flow patterns for January (a) and for July (b). The solid red line represents the position of the ITCZ.

Average Sea-level Pressure and Wind in July Page: 270 FIGURE 10.5 Average sea-level pressure distribution and surface wind-flow patterns for January (a) and for July (b). The solid red line represents the position of the ITCZ.

Sea-level Pressure Seasonality January July HP ITCZ HP HP HP HP HP HP ITCZ = Intertropical Convergence Zone HP = High Pressure July HP HP HP ITCZ HP

JET STREAM CORE January July warm cool cold Note: key differs between maps

PRECIPITATION SEASONALITY NH winter NH summer Page: 473 FIGURE 17.2 A vertical cross section along a line running north to south illustrates the main global regions of rising and sinking air and how each region influences precipitation.

GLOBAL TOPOGRAPHY

Western Hemisphere Average Annual Precipitation Figure G.1 World map of average annual precipitation.

Eastern Hemisphere Average Annual Precipitation Figure G.1 World map of average annual precipitation.

Figure G.1 World map of average annual precipitation.

WEST COAST DESERTS Page: 487 FIGURE 2 Location of coastal deserts (dark orange shade) that experience frequent fog, drizzle, and low clouds. (Blue arrows indicate prevailing winds and the movement of cool ocean currents.)

Comparison of Subtropical and West Coast Deserts Warmest Month Coldest Month Annual T(°F) RH (am) RH (pm) T range Sahara 98 36 25 56 63 37 77 42 Arabia 93 47 31 58 70 44 76 35 Australia 87 24 52 60 43 75 Atacama 72 74 61 83 66 12 Kalahari 91 73 65 62 8 Coastal 88 51 67 9 Subtropical West Coast

Continental U.S. Average Annual Precipitation

Continental U.S. Average January and July Precipitation

MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE Page: 489 FIGURE 17.20 In the Mediterranean-type climates of North America, typical chaparral vegetation includes chamisa, manzanita, and foothill pine.

GLOBAL CLIMATE-VEGETATION dry, cool GLOBAL CLIMATE-VEGETATION wet, cool Rain- forest Forest Grass- land Semi- desert Desert Boreal Forest (Taiga) Tundra PE dry, hot P/PE wet, hot

GLOBAL CLIMATE TYPES AND CONTROLS Page: 477 FIGURE 17.6 A simplified overview of the major climate types according to Köppen, along with some of the climatic controls. The large Hs and Ls on the map represent the average position of the semi-permanent high- and low-pressure areas. The solid red lines show the average position of the Intertropical Covergence Zone (ITCZ) in January and July. The ocean currents in red are warm, whereas those in blue are cold. The major mountain ranges and deserts of the world also are included.