1. Earth & Sun

2. rotation – the earth spinning on its axis
revolution – one complete orbit of the sun
solstices – the days with the most, and least amounts of daylight
equinoxes – the days when there is an equal amount of daylight and night
Autumnal Equinox September 23rd
Winter Solstice December 22nd
Spring Equinox March 21st
Summer Solstice June 22nd

6. Earth’s Spheres Atmosphere -Weather Hydrosphere -Water
Biosphere -Plants & Animals
Lithosphere –Outer layer of earth

9. weather – atmospheric conditions in a small area for a short period of time

10. climate – weather patterns in a region over a long period of time

11. 6 Factors that Affect Climate
Proximity To The Equator (Latitude)
The proximity to the equator affects the climate of a place. 
Distance From The Sea / Water 
The sea / water affects the climate of a place. 
Ocean Currents
Ocean currents can increase or reduce temperatures.
Direction of Prevailing Winds Winds that blow from the sea often bring rain to the coast and dry weather to inland areas.
Relief/Elevation Climate can be affected by mountains.
El Niño
El Niño, affects wind and rainfall patterns around the Pacific Rim.

12. Leeward Side
Windward Side
Cool Air
Warm Moist Air
Dry Air

13. tropical zones – the areas within 23½° of the equator
temperate zones – the areas between the tropical and polar zones
polar zones – the areas more than 66½° from the equator

14. Earth’s Climate Zones & Wind Patterns
Doldrums

15. Low-latitude Climates:
Tropical Rainforest: rainforest - Rainfall is heavy in all months. The total annual rainfall is often more than 100 in. Temperatures of 80°F or higher, mostly stay the same. Humidity is between 77 and 88%. Tropical Grasslands: savanna - A seasonal change occurs between a wet season and a very dry season. It gets a little cooler during dry season but will become very hot just before the wet season.
Tropical Desert: desert - The dry arid desert is a true desert climate, and covers 12 % of the Earth's land surface.

16. Mid-latitude Climates:
Humid Subtropical Climate: Mixed forest & grasslands 2 seasons - hot summer & mild winter with precipitation year round.
Mediterranean Climate: chaparral - wet-winter, dry-summer. Extremely dry summers cause frequent fires. Occur frequently in Mediterranean climate zones.
Steppe Climates: grasslands - semiarid grasslands.
This dry climate exists in the interior regions of North America and Eurasia. winters are very cold. Summers are warm to hot.
Humid Continental Climate: deciduous forest - Seasonal changes between summer and winter are very large. Daily temperatures also change often. Abundant precipitation falls throughout the year. Warm to hot summers & very cold winters.
Marine West Coast Climate: Temperate rainforest 4 seasons - Dry warm humid summer & Rainy mild winter.

17. High-latitude Climates:
Subarctic Climate: taiga - A continental climate with long, very cold winters, and short, cool summers. The temperature range is larger than any other climate. Precipitation increases during summer months, although annual precipitation is still small.
Arctic Climate: tundra - Found along arctic coastal areas. The winter season is long and severe. A short, mild season exists, but not a true summer season.
Multi-latitude Climate:
Highland Climate: alpine - Highland climates are cool to cold, found in mountains and high plateaus. Climates change rapidly on mountains, becoming colder the higher the altitude gets. Highlands have the same seasons and wet and dry periods as the biome they are in.