The Chemistry of the Cell

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Presentation transcript:

The Chemistry of the Cell Chapter 2: The Chemistry of the Cell

Important Properties of Carbon Valence of four Forms covalent bonds Can share multiple pairs of electrons Carbon containing molecules are stable and diverse

Diversity of Molecules Containing Carbon Can vary in length Can form rings Can branch Can contain double bonds Can have functional groups attached

Important Properties of Water Water molecules are polar Water molecules are cohesive Water has a high temperature stabilizing capacity Water is an excellent solvent

Important Properties of Water Water molecules are polar Water molecules are cohesive Water has a high temperature stabilizing capacity Water is an excellent solvent

Hydrogen bond

Important Properties of Water Water molecules are polar Water molecules are cohesive Water has a high temperature stabilizing capacity Water is an excellent solvent

Important Properties of Water Water molecules are polar Water molecules are cohesive Water has a high temperature stabilizing capacity Water is an excellent solvent

Important Properties of Membranes Forms a barrier Keep substances in/out while allowing substances in/out Insoluble in water, but permeable to water

Membranes Hydrophilic heads Hydrophobic tails Water

Fluid Mosaic Model Extracellular matrix Glycoprotein Carbohydrate Plasma membrane Microfilaments of cytoskeleton Phospholipid Cholesterol Proteins Cytoplasm Glycolipid

Selective Permeability

Organic Macromolecules Proteins Nucleic Acids Polysaccharides Lipids

Hierarchy of Molecules in Cell Biology Level 1 – organic molecules Level 2 – biological macromolecules Level 3 – supramolecular structures Level 4 – organelles Level 5 – the cell

Macromolecules are synthesized by polymerization

Self Assembly

Non-Covalent bonds are important in macromolecule folding Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds Van der Waals forces Hydrophobic/hydrophilic

Hydrogen Bonding Hydrogen bond

Non-Covalent bonds that are important in macromolecules Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds Van der Waals forces Hydrophobic/hydrophilic

Ionic Bonding Transfer of electron Na Sodium atom Cl Chlorine atom

Non-Covalent bonds that are important in macromolecules Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds Van der Waals forces Hydrophobic/hydrophilic

Van der Waals forces

Non-Covalent bonds that are important in macromolecules Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds Van der Waals forces Hydrophobic/hydrophilic

Hydrophobic/hydrophilic

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