1. Organic Chemistry & Water
Review PPT

2. This is the study of carbon containing compounds
Organic Chemistry

3. Why is carbon such a versatile element?
Carbon has 4 valence electrons.
[Valence means the outer ring. It has the ability to combine with many other elements and itself.]

4. Compounds made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Compounds made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Used for energy for living things and structures in plants.
Carbohydrates
Hexagons and Pentagons

5. What is a monosaccharide?
A simple sugar

6. A chain of monosaccharides together.
What is a polysaccharide?
A chain of monosaccharides together.

7. What is a monomer?
Small molecular units

8. A combination of monomers
What is a polymer?
A combination of monomers

9. Dehydration synthesis Monomers together, water out
How are monomers joined together to make a polymer?
Dehydration synthesis
Monomers together, water out

10. Water in, monomers come out.
How are polymers broken to make monomers?
Hydrolysis
Water in, monomers come out.

11. This macromolecule is mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Lipids

12. Found in biological membranes and waterproof coverings
What is the function of lipids?
Used to store energy
Found in biological membranes and waterproof coverings

13. What is the structure of a lipid in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane?
Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

14. What is a saturated fat?
A solid at room temperature. Bad fat. Contains the maximum number of hydrogens.

15. What is an unsaturated fat?
A liquid at room temperature. Good fat. Contains a carbon double bond. It means it breaks down more easily.

16. Contains H, O, N, C, and P. Carries genetic information.
Nucleic acid

17. What is the base unit of a nucleic acid?
nucleotide

18. What are the building blocks of protein?
Amino acid

19. This is a macromolecule with N, C, H, and O
This is a macromolecule with N, C, H, and O. Makes up structural components of living things.
Proteins

20. Proteins have 4 levels of folding.
How are proteins are arranged or organized?
Proteins have 4 levels of folding.

21. Primary Structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Quaternary Structure

22. How much of the planet is covered in water?
75%
How much of our bodies are made of water?
60 to 70%

23. [electrons are shared]
Water is held together by what kind of bond?
Covalent bond
[electrons are shared]

24. Oxygen is slightly negative and the hydrogens are slightly positive.
Water is a polar compound which means what?
Oxygen is slightly negative and the hydrogens are slightly positive.

25. What is the significance of being a polar compound?
It means that water can combine with many other substances.
Or almost anything can be dissolved in it.
[universal solvent]

26. What is the attraction between a hydrogen atom on one water molecule and the oxygen atom on another?
Hydrogen bond

27. This is thin film over the surface of water that does not break easily.
Surface tension.

28. This is the ability of water to stick to itself.
Cohesion

29. This is the ability of water to stick to other things.
Adhesion

30. This is the ability of water to flow against gravity in a narrow space such as a thin tube.
Capillary action

31. What is specific heat? [or high heat capacity]
Water has high heat capacity to absorb and retain heat.
Or water can absorb large amounts of energy before changing temperature.

32. Example of high heat capacity
1) The ocean takes longer to cool off or heat up during the season change.
2) Lakes and ponds have mist or fog on them during cold autumn mornings.

33. Water has a greater density as a liquid than as a solid. Why?
When water reaches freezing point, the water arranges themselves in an orderly fashion.

34. END