PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY.

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Presentation transcript:

PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY

WHAT IS ECOLOGY? Scientific study of the interactions among organisms and their environments.

ASPECTS OF ECOLOGICAL STUDY Biosphere: part of the Earth that supports life. Environment: non living and living surroundings. Abiotic factors: non living factors, light, soil. Biotic factors: living organisms interactions. Look at the picture. How do other living organisms affect the gold fish?

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN ECOLOGY ORGANISM POPULATION COMMUNITY ECOSYSTEM BIOSPHERE

ORGANISM Complete individual, living being.

POPULATION -A group of one species of organisms that live together in the same place at the same time -Interbreed. -Share and compete for resources.

COMMUNITY -A group of interbreeding populations in the same area at the same time. -Changes in one population affects another.

ECOSYSTEM -Composed of the interactions between organisms, and their surrounding abiotic factors. -Types: terrestrial, freshwater and saltwater.

BIOSPHERE -All portions of Earth where life exists. -Relationship between all of the ecosystems.

ORGANISMS IN ECOSYSTEMS -HABITAT: Where the organism lives. -NICHE: The role and position the species has in the environment.

Predator prey relationship

Living together of different species may aid survival. Symbiosis Living together of different species may aid survival.

LIVING RELATIONSHIPS Commensalism (+/0) - One is benefited and the other is neither harmed nor benefited. Mutualism (+/+) – both are benefited. Parasitism (+/-) – One is benefited and the other is harmed.

Feeding relationships Autotroph – Makes its own Food Heterotroph – Must eat other organisms Carnivore Scavenger Omnivore Decomposer Herbivore