1/13/14 pg. 8 Bell Work Title: Ch 16. 3 Notes pg. 9 Title: Ch 16 1/13/14 pg. 8 Bell Work Title: Ch 16.3 Notes pg. 9 Title: Ch 16. 3 Notes

Terms Explanation Illustration

Atoms Atoms the smallest particle of an element.

Molecules Molecules smallest particle of a compound.

States of Matter Elements and compounds are usually found as solids, liquids, gases or plasma.

Solids Molecules constantly vibrate. Cannot switch places. Below 0oC, water is a solid.

Solids Characteristics Molecules vibrate Molecules cannot change position Retains its shape and size

Liquids Molecules slip out of position. Flow because the molecules can move. Between 0oC and 100oC, water is a liquid.

Liquid Characteristics Molecules can move over and around each other Definite volume No definite shape It will take the shape of whatever container it is poured into.

Gases At high temperatures molecules move so fast that they bounce out of the liquid state and become a gas. Molecules are widely separated. At temperatures above 100oC, water becomes a gas.

Gas Characteristics Molecules move around freely and separate from one another. No definite size No definite shape It will spread out evenly throughout its container.

Plasma This is the most common state of matter in the universe, but is rarely found on Earth. Matter enters the plasma state when it is heated to such a high temperature that some of the atoms actually break apart, which causes them to lose their outer layer of electrons. For most materials, this requires temperatures of more than 100,000 degrees.

Plasma Examples Our sun and other stars are made of plasma. A type of plasma is used on earth to make neon and fluorescent lights. You also see plasma every time you see lightning.

The mass of the object stays the same whether it is in a solid, liquid, gas or plasma state. Energy increases as we change from solid to liquid to gas to plasma. Since temperature is a measure of energy, matter changes from one phase to another as its temperature is increased.

5 Phases of Mater When temperature causes a substance to change from a solid to a liquid or to a gas, we call this a change of state. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVc9Uz6zE1A

Melting point The temperature at which the substance changes from a solid to a liquid

Boiling Point The temperature at which a substance is changed from a liquid to a gas.

Evaporation Evaporation describes the transformation from a liquid to a gas. Fast-moving molecules in a liquid are escaping to become a gas. Evaporation is a cooling process.

Condensation The process of transforming from a gas to a liquid is called condensation.

Sublimation Sublimation occurs when a solid changes directly to a gas when heat energy is added. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJRxYBIfZlE