1. Molecules
1. Elements have only one kind of atom. Many times atoms bond together to make larger units called molecules.

2. How do molecules form?
2. Molecules can form when the electrons of atoms are attracted to more than one nucleus.

3. 3. The atoms of a molecule move and act as a single particle.
4. The atoms that make up molecules are not easily separated.

4. How big are molecules?
5. Molecules can be as small as two atoms or can have thousands of atoms.
Very large molecules called polymers can contain hundreds or thousands of atoms.
C=Green, O=Blue, Si=Red, O+S=Pink

5. States of Matter
6. SOLIDS - State of matter that has a definite shape and volume.
7. LIQUIDS - State of matter that has a definite volume, but no definite shape.
8. GASES - State of matter that has no definite shape or volume. (Takes the shape of its container.)

6. 9. The particles that make up matter
Movement of Molecules
9. The particles that make up matter
are always in motion.
10. Solids vibrate in their fixed positions.
11. If enough energy is added, the molecules vibrate faster and shake apart from each other and move more freely as a liquid.
12. By adding more energy, the molecules move even faster and can become a gas.

7. Gallium has a low melting point. (85.6 degrees F)
13. All substances have two set temperatures, the melting point (can also be the freezing point) and the boiling point.
Gallium has a low melting point. (85.6 degrees F)
 You can go back and forth between each state of matter.

8. Sublimation?
Dry Ice is frozen carbon dioxide, a normal part of our earth's atmosphere. It is the gas that we exhale during breathing and the gas that plants use in photosynthesis. It is also the same gas commonly added to water to make soda water. Dry Ice is particularly useful for freezing, and keeping things frozen because of its very cold temperature: °F. Dry Ice changes directly from a solid to a gas -sublimation- in normal atmospheric conditions without going through a wet liquid stage. Therefore it gets the name "dry ice."
14. Certain substances can change directly from a solid to a gas…this is called sublimation.

9. What do they mean by “changing the amount of energy?”
15. You can change the state of matter by adding or taking away energy.
16. The two ways to change the amount of energy:
By adding or taking away heat or pressure

10. The fourth state of matter!
17. Solids, liquids, and gases make up only a small bit of the matter in the universe. Most matter is in a state called plasma.
18. Plasma is when a gas has free electrons and positive ions.
19. Plasma is found in stars, fire, neon signs, lightning, and many more places.