START BOTANY Today’s Goal: Homework: Warm-up: I can explain what I think botany is I can name 5 different plants I ate over the weekend I can name 3 different parts of a plant cell and their function Homework: Complete definitions on page 6 of your journal Plant cell vocabulary and diagram quiz on _________________ Warm-up: Write down tonight’s homework. Then, think about 5 food items that you ate over the weekend that grew out the ground and discuss these items with your table group.

BOTANY What is Botany? the scientific study of plants, including their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution, classification, and economic importance

FOUR Types of Plants The first major difference is how material is moved throughout the plant Nonvascular - no tubing Vascular- tubing

FOUR Types of Plants The next big difference is, how does a vascular plant create a new plant Seeds Seedless- spores

The next difference in vascular seed plants is what surrounds the seed FOUR Types of Plants The next difference in vascular seed plants is what surrounds the seed Angiosperms- flesh surrounding seed Gymnosperms- naked seed plants

Plant Classification Plants Vascular Nonvascular Seeds Seedless Photosynthesis Multicellular Autotrophic Cell wall Waxy cuticle Sexual Repro. Plants Vascular Nonvascular Seeds Seedless Moss, liverwort, hornwort, etc. Ferns, Club Mosses, Horsetails, Whisk Ferns Angiosperm Gymnosperm Reproduce with spores Obtains food and water through diffusion only (no tubing) Sexual reproduction Flowering Seeds in fruit Reproduce with spores Sexual reproduction Coniferous Seeds in cone (naked) Past Present

Distribution of Plant Types

Characteristics of All Plants Makes food from sunlight- chlorophyll (a green pigment) found in chloroplasts captures sunlight Photosynthesis  Multicellular  Autotrophic  Cuticle Cell wall  Sexual Reproduction Made up of many cells make their own food using chlorophyll (through photosynthesis) A waxy coat that covers plants and keeps them from drying out Supports and protects plant cells; made of cellulose A fertilized egg creates spores or seeds

Organelles of a Plant Cell A. organelles Mini “organs” within the cell B. cell wall Rigid outer structure of the cell; made of cellulose C. cell membrane Flexible layer within the cell wall; allows materials in and out (semi-permeable) D. cytoplasm Liquid gel within the membrane E. vacuole Water storage F. nucleus Holds the DNA G. chloroplasts Green organelles that perform photosynthesis H. mitochondria Produces energy for the cell in the form of ATP

Plant Cell cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm vacuole mitochondria nucleus DNA chloroplasts

Leaf cells under a regular light microscope (400x) Real Plant Cells A single plant cell under the high magnification of an electron microscope Remember, a lot of these organelles are hard to see under a light microscope because they are clear. What is this? What is this? Leaf cells under a regular light microscope (400x)

Ocular lens (Eyepiece) Body Tube Nosepiece Arm Objectives Stage Stage Clips Coarse Adjustment Diaphragm Fine Adjustment Light Always carry a microscope with one hand holding the arm and one hand under the base. Base

Light Microscope Low power 40 X Medium power 100 X High power 400 X

Comparing Powers of Magnification We can see better details with higher the powers of magnification, but we cannot see as much of the image. Which of these images would be viewed at a higher power of magnification?

How to make a wet-mount slide … 1 – Get a clean slide and coverslip from your teacher. 2 – Place ONE drop of water in the middle of the slide. Don’t use too much or the water will run off the edge and make a mess! 3- Get one piece of Elodea from Ms. Nagle and place in the middle of your drop of water 4 – Place the edge of the cover slip on one side of the water drop. 5- Slowly lower the cover slip on top of the drop. Cover Slip Lower slowly 5 – Place the slide on the stage and view it first with the red-banded objective (low power). Once you see the image, you can rotate the nosepiece to view the slide with the different objectives.

When you get to your station… 1 – Turn on the microscope and then rotate the nosepiece to click the low power objective lens into place (make sure stage is all the way down). 2 – Place a slide on the stage and secure it using the stage clips. Use the coarse adjustment knob (large knob) to get it the image into view and then turn the nose piece to medium power. 3 – Now use a combination of the coarse adjustment knob first (large knob) and then the fine adjustment knob (small knob) to get it the image into view and then turn the nose piece to high power. 4 – NOW YOU ARE IN HIGH POWER AND ONLY USE THE FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB (THE SMALL KNOB). Use the fine adjustment knob to get the image in focus and then draw what you see on your worksheet. 5 – When your group is done, turn off the microscope, move to smallest objective lens, lower the stage and clean the slides you used.

Journal - Plant Cells (Elodea) Make a wet mount slide and observe the Elodea under the microscope. Draw a EIGHT to TEN plant cells from what you see in the microscope. Color Drawing Label: Cell walls Chloroplasts Vocab Definitions: Photosynthesis (110) Chlorophyll (110) Cellular Respiration (111) Cell wall (79) Producer (9 or 78)

Plant Cell Journal – Elodea (continued)