Substance-Related AND Addictive Disorders/Drug Abuse By: Ashlee Anderson& Brianna Boyington

Terms to know Addiction- A compulsive or chronic requirement. Intoxication- A physical and mental state of exhilaration and emotional frenzy or lethargy and stupor. Withdrawal- The physiological and mental readjustment that accompanies the discontinuation of a addictive substance

Biological & Psychological Factors of Substance Addiction Studies have shown a hereditary factor is involved in addiction Children of alcoholics are 4x more likely to become addicts themselves People with anxiety are low self-esteem are more likely to turn to alcohol & drugs

Alcohol Use Disorder Alcohol exerts a depressant effect on the CNS Alcoholism is the nations number one health problem and third leading cause of preventable death in the US. Fetal Alcohol syndrome is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation in the US.

Alcohol Use disorder Phases Phase 1: The Prealcoholic Phase Phase 2: The early Alcoholic Phase Phase 3: The Crucial Phase Phase 4: The Chronic Phase Tolerance develops Amount required to achieve desired effect increases steadily Blackouts Alcohol is required Secret drinking Feels guilt Denial -Loss of control -Binge drinking -Loss of job, relationships -Physiological addiction is evident -Emotional / physical disintegration -Withdrawal symptoms occur without alcohol

Effects on the body from Alcohol Peripheral Neuropathy Nerve damage, resulting in stinging, burning, tingling of extremities Is reversible with cessation of alcohol Without abstinence permanent damage can occur

Effects on the body from Alcohol Alcoholic Myopathy May occur as acute or chronic Sudden onset of muscle pain or swelling and weakness occurs Thought to be a result of Vitamin B deficiency

Effects on the body from Alcohol Wernickes Encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s Psychosis These two disorders are normally considered together the Wernicke- Korsakoff Syndrome Confusion along with paralysis of the ocular muscles, diplopia and ataxia. Thiamine replacement therapy must happen quickly or death can occur.

Effects on the body from Alcohol Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy Accumulation of lipids in the myocardial cells Symptoms include dyspnea, tachycardia, palpitations Treatment is total abstinence from alcohol

Effects on the body from Alcohol Alcoholic Hepatitis/ Cirrhosis of the Liver Inflammation/scarring of the liver from long term heavy use Ascites Portal Hypertension Esophageal Varices Hepatic Encephalopathy

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Alcohol Intoxication Symptoms include: Mood changes, Slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, flushed face, nystagmus

Alcohol Withdrawal Within 4-12 hours of cessation effects can appear Tremors Nausea/Vomiting Sweating Irritability Hallucinations Headache Tachycardia

Sedative, Hypnotic and Anxiolytic Use Disorder Induces varying degrees of CNS depression Generally categorized as barbiturates, nonbarbiturate hypnotics, and antianxiety agents

Barbiturates decrease the amount of time dreaming Effects on the body Sleeping and dreaming Barbiturates decrease the amount of time dreaming

Respiratory Depression Effects on the Body Respiratory Depression Barbiturates are capable of slowing breathing pattern When other CNS depressants are used in combination, life threatening events can occur

Cardiovascular Effects Effects on the body Cardiovascular Effects Hypotension can occur when barbiturates are used incorrectly Impaired cardiac output

Renal and Hepatic Effects Effects on the body Renal and Hepatic Effects Barbiturates may suppress urine function, sedative-hypnotics have no direct effect on the kidneys Barbiturates may cause jaundice with large doses

High doses of barbiturates can lower body temperature Effects on the body Body Temperature High doses of barbiturates can lower body temperature

Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Intoxication Inappropriate or sexual behavior Impaired judgement, functioning Slurred speech Unsteady gait, nystagmus Memory impairment Coma

Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Withdrawal Onset of symptoms depend on the drug Symptoms are: Sweating Tachycardia Hand Tremors Anxiety Grand Mal seizures

What have we learned??? 1. What phase of alcoholics pattern of progression begins with blackouts and secret drinking? A. The Chronic Phase B. The Prealcoholic Phase C. The Early Alcoholic Phase D. The Crucial Phase

What have we learned? ANSWER: C- The Early Alcoholic Phase This phase involves blackouts, sneaking drinks or secret drinking, the individual feels enormous guild and gets very defensive about their drinking.

What have we learned? 2. True or false: An apparent hereditary factor is involved in the development of substance-use disorders.

What have we learned? TRUE- studies have shown children of alcoholics are 4x more likely to become alcoholics.

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