Georgia’s Prehistory Warm Up: In the warm up section of your binder, list at least 3-5 things you observe about this picture. Bullets are ok.

Vocabulary Review Archeologists ______________ dig in the earth to find artifacts that will tell us something about early inhabitants ______________ groups of people who believe themselves related by blood ______________ a type of rock that is formed in successive layers and can encase fossils of animals ______________ the science of cultivating plants and trees. ______________ poetry, shards, weapons, tools, jewelry, fossils or any items that were made by people ______________ people who use artifacts along with cave drawings, well-traveled pathways, and oral history to study the culture. ______________ to trade or exchange goods and services without the use of money ______________ describes the beliefs, traditions, music, art, and social institutions of a group of people who share common experiences. ______________ ancient relics Clan Shale Horticulture Artifacts Anthropologist Barter Economy culture Antiquities

1. What is the difference between history and pre-history? V Introduction 1. What is the difference between history and pre-history? the presence of writing and writing records. Pre-history is history before the existence of written records. 2. What are the different ways we gained knowledge about each period? PREHISTORY HISTORY 3. How does the knowledge information/knowledge that we have about each time period differ? Oral tradition Artifacts (tools, pottery) Shale Fossils Cave drawings Documents Letters Written accounts Books -Theories and inferences -Less concrete information -Concrete information -Specific

Ecofacts – Natural relics, such as sharks' teeth, bones, fossils, etc. Because there have no written records, historians are not 100% certain about the pre-historic past. There are many clues, however, such as: Artifacts – Man-made relics, such as arrowheads, pottery, cave markings, etc. Ecofacts – Natural relics, such as sharks' teeth, bones, fossils, etc. What is Carbon 14 Testing: Radioactive carbon exists in all living things. When a plant or animal dies, it begins to lose its carbon at a known rate. Testing carbon levels in the remains of, can allow scientist to tell how old something is within about 200 years. It can also be used to test clothing or artifacts.

How did the first people get here??? Prior to 11,000 B.C., there was a frozen land bridge between Asia and North America referred to now as Beringia. 1 Many followed herds of buffalo and mammoth across the Beringia land bridge into North America. 2

Eventually, the earth warmed, Beringia melted, and Asia and America were separated by the Bering Sea. 3 The Paleo-Indians, unable to return to Asia, dispersed throughout North America. 11,000 – 8,000 BC 4

P A W M Georgia's pre-historic past is divided into four major periods (try to use the acronym P.A.W.M. to help you remember): 1. Paleo-Indian Period (11,000 – 8000 B.C.) 3. Woodland Period (1000 B.C. – 900 A.D.) 4. Mississippian Period (900 – 1600 A.D.) 2. Archaic Period (8,000 B.C. – 1,000 B.C.) 11,000 B.C. 8000 B.C. 1000 B.C. 900 A.D. 1600 A.D. 2000 A.D. PALEO-INDIAN ARCHAIC WOODLAND MISSISSIPPIAN

Paleo “Very old” 11,000 – 8,000 B.C.E

Paleo: Food/Hunting Dwelling/Lifestyle: The Paleo-Indians were nomads, constantly on the move as they hunted large game. Food: Large game (aka Megafauna) woolly mammoth Saber-tooth tiger Bison Sloth Mastodons Berries and nut

Paleo: Weapons and Tools Clovis Point, a large point attached to a spear Knives Scrapers

Paleo: Dwellings and Lifestyle First humans in Ga. Nomadic hunters and gatherers Lived in small groups of 25-50 Homes made of animal skins Lived near water (Savannah, Ocmulgee and Flint Rivers)

Archaic “old” 8000 – 1000 B.C.E

Archaic: Food Deer Bear Turkey Rabbits Fruit Berries and Nuts Snakes Fish

Archaic: Weapons and Tools Grooved axe Hooks and nets for fishing Drills Tools of stone and bone Choppers Atlatl (missile launcher) Fire hearths

Archaic: Dwellings and Lifestyle Nomads that moved with seasons to find food Lived in Camps Made pottery Evidence of trade with groups outside the state. Late Archaic- began to practice horticulture. The oldest pottery found in America was Archaic pottery found near Augusta, Georgia.

Archaic: Religion Burial grounds were found.

Woodland 1000 B.C.E – 900 C.E.

Woodland: Food First to farm as major source of food(horticulture) Fish Animals Berries and Nuts Squash Greens Depended on Corn

Woodland: Weapons and Tools Developed the Bow and Arrow Elaborate pottery. (storage) Stone and shark tooth Deer Antlers Knives

Woodland: Dwelling & Lifestyle Farming allowed them to stay in one place (not nomadic like the others) Developed small villages and tribes Homes of wood, leaves Cook fires inside huts Trade with other peoples. Artifacts found in Georgia from other parts of America, such as Ohio and Michigan, suggest that the Woodlands began to trade with other peoples.

Woodland: Religion Built ceremonial and burial mounds First to have mounds Funeral Items Rock Eagle Mound

Mississippian 800CE – 1600CE

Mississippian: Food Large scale farming Maize Beans Pumpkin Squash Harvested Crops

Mississippian: Weapons and Tools Shovels (digging sticks) Bow and arrow Spears Knives Axes Stone and bone hoes Moats Guard Towers

Mississippian: Dwellings and Lifestyle Chiefdom society- hierarchical society w/ few elite and mostly commoners Most complex of prehistoric cultures First to come into contact with Europeans Mound towns with dome shaped huts Advanced farmers Lived in large societies Ultimately ended due to diseases

Mississippian: Religion Built enormous ceremonial mounds (ex., Etowah). Tobacco used in ceremonies Practiced sophisticated religious beliefs Priests Temple Mounds

What do you remember about… Georgia's pre-historic traditions??? Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact. What do you remember about… Georgia's pre-historic traditions??? 1. Most ancient pre-historic tradition A. Paleo-Indian A D 2. Known as the great mound builders B. Archaic C 3. Invented the bow & arrow C. Woodland A 4. Hunted large game with a clovis point D. Mississippian C 5. The first farmers B 6. Developed the atlatl to help hunt smaller game D 7. The most advanced tradition; ruled by chiefs B 8. The first fishermen; also began to gather nuts & berries SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS: Based off of what you know regarding Georgia's pre-historic Native American traditions, how did the MOVEMENT and MIGRATION of the Native American peoples affect their societies and cultures??? SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/archaeology

http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/primitive_technology

http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/green_corn_native_american_gold