1. Georgia’s Prehistory

2. Vocabulary Review Archeologists
______________ dig in the earth to find artifacts that will tell us something about early inhabitants
______________ groups of people who believe themselves related by blood
______________ a type of rock that is formed in successive layers and can encase fossils of animals
______________ the science of cultivating plants and trees.
______________ poetry, shards, weapons, tools, jewelry, fossils or any items that were made by people
______________ people who use artifacts along with cave drawings, well-traveled pathways, and oral history to study the culture.
______________ to trade or exchange goods and services without the use of money
______________ describes the beliefs, traditions, music, art, and social institutions of a group of people who share common experiences.
______________ ancient relics
Clan
Shale
Horticulture
Artifacts
Anthropologist
Barter Economy
culture
Antiquities

3. How is the concept of supply and demand present in a Barter Economy?
Any item could be a medium of exchange because someone would need or want or need it. The more people wanted or needed an item, the higher its value.

4. GEORGIA'S PRE-HISTORY
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

5. Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Prior to 11,000 B.C., there was a frozen land bridge between Asia and North America referred to now as Beringia.
11,000 B.C.
8000 B.C.
1000 B.C.
900 A.D.
1600 A.D.
2000 A.D.
PALEO-INDIAN
ARCHAIC
WOODLAND
MISSISSIPPIAN
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

6. Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Many followed herds of buffalo and mammoth across the Beringia land bridge into North America.
11,000 B.C.
8000 B.C.
1000 B.C.
900 A.D.
1600 A.D.
2000 A.D.
PALEO-INDIAN
ARCHAIC
WOODLAND
MISSISSIPPIAN
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

7. Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Eventually, the earth warmed, Beringia melted, and Asia and America were separated by the Bering Sea.
11,000 B.C.
8000 B.C.
1000 B.C.
900 A.D.
1600 A.D.
2000 A.D.
PALEO-INDIAN
ARCHAIC
WOODLAND
MISSISSIPPIAN
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

8. Reading Guide
During the last Ice Age, the sea level was much lower than it is today. Scientists believe that a connected and across what is now the Bering Strait in search of
How did early civilizations communicate stories and history?
Even though there are not written records of what these natives did while living here,
have dug up many that help us understand the prehistoric Americans.
How can archaeologists tell how old a prehistoric site is?
The prehistoric natives are divided into four , based on the lifestyles they lived and the advancements they made. The four eras are , ,
, and
??? Why do we call these eras “prehistory?” ____________________________________________________________________
land bridge
Asia
America
animals for food.
Since there was no system of writing, they used oral tradition
archeologists
artifacts
native
They know when particular tools, weapons or pottery found were used. They also use a the carbon 14 test. All living things have radioactive carbon that is lost at a known rate when a plant or animal dies. This test tells how much carbon is left, which gives them an age.
cultures
Paleo
Archaic
Woodlands
Mississippians

9. Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
The difference between history and pre-history is the presence of writing and writing records. Pre-history, therefore, is history before the existence of written records.
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

10. Ecofacts – Natural relics, such as sharks teeth, bones, fossils, etc.
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Because there have no written records, historians are not 100% certain about the pre-historic past. There are many clues, however, such as:
Artifacts – Man-made relics, such as arrowheads, pottery, cave markings, etc.
Ecofacts – Natural relics, such as sharks teeth, bones, fossils, etc.
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

12. Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Georgia's pre-historic past is divided into four major periods (try to use the acronym P.A.W.M. to help you remember):
P A
1. Paleo-Indian Period (11,000 – 8000 B.C.)
W M
2. Archaic Period (8000 – 1000 B.C.)
3. Woodland Period (1000 B.C. – 900 A.D.)
4. Mississippian Period (900 – 1600 A.D.)
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

13. OBAMA ELECTED PRESIDENT MOSES LEADS ISRAEL OUT OF EGYPT
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
OBAMA ELECTED PRESIDENT
ANCIENT ROME FOUNDED
COLUMBUS DISCOVERS AMERICA
MOSES LEADS ISRAEL OUT OF EGYPT
NOAH'S FLOOD
JESUS
11,000 B.C.
8000 B.C.
1000 B.C.
900 A.D.
1600 A.D.
2000 A.D.
PALEO-INDIAN
ARCHAIC
WOODLAND
MISSISSIPPIAN
PRESENT-DAY
Notice some of the great events in world history that occurred while Georgia was still in it's pre-historic periods.
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

14. Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
The Paleo-Indians, unable to return to Asia, dispersed throughout North America. 11,000 – 8,000 BCE
11,000 B.C.
8000 B.C.
1000 B.C.
900 A.D.
1600 A.D.
2000 A.D.
PALEO-INDIAN
ARCHAIC
WOODLAND
MISSISSIPPIAN
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

15. Dwellings and Lifestyle:
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Dwellings and Lifestyle:
Nomadic hunters and gatherers
Lived in small groups of 25-50
Homes made of animal skins
Lived near water (Savannah, Ocmulgee and Flint Rivers)
11,000 B.C.
8000 B.C.
1000 B.C.
900 A.D.
1600 A.D.
2000 A.D.
PALEO-INDIAN
ARCHAIC
WOODLAND
MISSISSIPPIAN
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

16. Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
The Paleo-Indians were nomads, constantly on the move as they hunted large game.
11,000 B.C.
8000 B.C.
1000 B.C.
900 A.D.
1600 A.D.
2000 A.D.
PALEO-INDIAN
ARCHAIC
WOODLAND
MISSISSIPPIAN
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

17. Large game (aka Megafauna) woolly mammoth Saber-tooth tiger Bison
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Food:
Large game (aka Megafauna)
woolly mammoth
Saber-tooth tiger
Bison
Sloth
Mastodons
Berries and nut
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

18. Clovis Point, a large point attached to a spear Knives Scrapers
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Weapons and Tools:
Clovis Point, a large point attached to a spear
Knives
Scrapers
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

20. Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Georgia's next pre-historic Native American tradition was called the ARCHAIC.
8, ,000 BCE
11,000 B.C.
8000 B.C.
1000 B.C.
900 A.D.
1600 A.D.
2000 A.D.
PALEO-INDIAN
ARCHAIC
WOODLAND
MISSISSIPPIAN
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

21. Dwellings and Lifestyle:
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Dwellings and Lifestyle:
Nomads that moved with seasons to find food
Lived in Camps
Made pottery
Evidence of trade with groups outside the state.
The oldest pottery found in America was Archaic pottery found near Augusta, Georgia.
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

22. Hooks and nets for fishing Drills Tools of stone and bone Choppers
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Weapons and Tools:
Grooved axe
Hooks and nets for fishing
Drills
Tools of stone and bone
Choppers
Atlatl (missile launcher)
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

23. (deer, turkey, bear, rabbits. etc.).
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
(deer, turkey, bear, rabbits. etc.).
Food:
Deer
Bear
Turkey
Rabbits
Fruit
Berries and Nuts
Snakes
Fish
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

24. Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Georgia's next pre-historic Native American tradition was called the WOODLAND.
1,000 BCE – 750 CE
11,000 B.C.
8000 B.C.
1000 B.C.
900 A.D.
1600 A.D.
2000 A.D.
PALEO-INDIAN
ARCHAIC
WOODLAND
MISSISSIPPIAN
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

25. First to farm as a major source of food Fish Animals Berries and Nuts
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Food:
First to farm as a major source of food
Fish
Animals
Berries and Nuts
Squash
Greens
Depended on Corn
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

27. Dwelling and Lifestyle:
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Dwelling and Lifestyle:
Farming allowed them to stay in one place (not nomadic like the others)
Developed small villages and tribes
Homes of wood
Cook fires inside huts
Trade with other peoples.
Artifacts found in Georgia from other parts of America, such as Ohio and Michigan, suggest that the Woodlands began to trade with other peoples.
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

28. Developed the Bow and Arrow Elaborate pottery. Stone and shark tooth
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Weapons and Tools:
Developed the Bow and Arrow
Elaborate pottery.
Stone and shark tooth
Deer Antlers
Knives
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

29. Built ceremonial and burial mounds Funeral Items
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Evidence of Religion:
Built ceremonial and burial mounds
Funeral Items
Rock Eagle Mound
ARCHAIC
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

30. Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Georgia's last and most advanced pre-historic Native American tradition was called the MISSISSIPPIAN.
800CE – 1600CE
11,000 B.C.
8000 B.C.
1000 B.C.
900 A.D.
1600 A.D.
2000 A.D.
PALEO-INDIAN
ARCHAIC
WOODLAND
MISSISSIPPIAN
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

31. Dwellings and Lifestyle:
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Dwellings and Lifestyle:
Chiefdom society (hierarchical society w/ few elite and mostly commoners)
First to come into contact with Europeans
Mound towns with dome shaped huts
Advanced farmers
Lived in large societies
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

32. Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
(William Powell's Discovery of the Mississipi by De Soto, A. D )
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

33. Food: Maize Beans Pumpkin Squash Harvested Crops
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Food:
Maize
Beans
Pumpkin
Squash
Harvested Crops
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

34. Weapons and Tools: Shovels (digging sticks) Bow and arrow Spears
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Weapons and Tools:
Shovels (digging sticks)
Bow and arrow
Spears
Knives
Axes
Stone and bone hoes
Moats
Guard Towers
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

35. Built enormous ceremonial mounds (ex., Etowah).
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Religion:
Built enormous ceremonial mounds (ex., Etowah).
Practiced sophisticated religious beliefs
Priests
Temple Mounds
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

36. What do you remember about… Georgia's pre-historic traditions???
Lesson Five (SS8H1a) – Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
What do you remember about… Georgia's pre-historic traditions???
1. Most ancient pre-historic tradition A. Paleo-Indian A D
2. Known as the great mound builders
B. Archaic C
3. Invented the bow & arrow
C. Woodland A
4. Hunted large game with a clovis point
D. Mississippian C
5. The first farmers B
6. Developed the atlatl to help hunt smaller game D
7. The most advanced tradition; ruled by chiefs B
8. The first fishermen; also began to gather nuts & berries
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

37. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS:
Based off of what you know regarding Georgia's pre-historic Native American traditions, how did the MOVEMENT and MIGRATION of the Native American peoples affect their societies and cultures???
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

38. Acknowledgements
Hodge, Cathy M. Time Travel Through Georgia. Athens, GA: WesMar Incorporated DBA/Voyager Publications, 2005.
Marsh, Carol. The Georgia Experience: 8th Grade Social Studies Teachers Edition Student Workbook. Peachtree City, GA: Gallopade International, 2008.