Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Bonding Video  John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO  2006, Prentice Hall, Inc.

Chemical Bonds Three basic types of bonds: Ionic Covalent Metallic Electrostatic attraction between ions Covalent Sharing of electrons Metallic Metal atoms bonded to several other atoms

Ionic Bonds Atoms that give an electron away in order to bond is ionic. 1st step is find out how many electrons are on the outer shell using 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 and so on All atoms want to have a full outer shell Chlorine has 7 electrons in the 2 shell – 8 would fill it up so it wants 1 more. So an element with an extra electron in the outer shell would likely be able to bond with Chlorine.

Covalent Bonding In these bonds atoms share electrons.

Polar Covalent Bonds Although atoms often form compounds by sharing electrons, the electrons are not always shared equally. Fluorine pulls harder on the electrons it shares with hydrogen than hydrogen does. Therefore, the fluorine end of the molecule has more electron density than the hydrogen end.

Polar Covalent Bonds When two atoms share electrons unequally

Lewis Structures Lewis structures are representations of molecules showing all outer electrons

Lewis Structures 1st step is find out how many electrons are on the outer shell using 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 and so on All atoms want to have a full outer shell Chlorine has 7 electrons in the 2 shell – 8 would fill it up so it wants 1 more.

Writing Lewis Structures

Writing Lewis Structures Atoms can form multiple bonds until it does.

Section A: Complete the chart using a periodic table to help you.

NEGATIVE POSITIVE ION Answer these questions: An atom that gains one or more electrons will have a ____________________ charge. An atom that loses one or more electrons will have a ____________________ charge. An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons is called an ____________. NEGATIVE POSITIVE ION

ELECTRONS COMPLETE METAL NONMETAL What is an ionic bond? Atoms will transfer one or more ________________ to another to form the bond. Each atom is left with a ________________ outer shell. An ionic bond forms between a ___________ ion with a positive charge and a ________________ ion with a negative charge. Example B1: Sodium + Chlorine Example B2: Magnesium + Iodine ELECTRONS COMPLETE METAL NONMETAL

Example B3: Potassium + Iodine Example B4: Sodium + Oxygen Example B5: Calcium + Chlorine Example B6: Aluminum + Chlorine

SHARE COMPLETE NONMETAL What is a covalent bond? Atoms ___________ one or more electrons with each other to form the bond. Each atom is left with a ________________ outer shell. A covalent bond forms between two _________________. Example C1: Hydrogen + Hydrogen Example C2: 2 Hydrogen + Oxygen SHARE COMPLETE NONMETAL

Example C3: Chlorine + Chlorine Example C4: Oxygen + Oxygen Example C5: Carbon + 2 Oxygen Example C6: Carbon + 4 Hydrogen