Chapter 11, Section 3 The Emancipation Proclamation p. 398-401 President Lincoln’s decision to end most slavery opens the way for African Americans to join the Union Army.

Emancipating the Enslaved Main Idea: Lincoln is slow to decide on emancipation but finally embraces it as a necessary war measure. Lincoln’s original plan was not to emancipate (to free from enslavement) the slaves - “If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it… - Lincoln in letter to Horace Greeley, August, 1862 Lincoln changes his mind: Thinks freeing slaves will hurt southern war effort Lee had slaves dig trenches to protect Richmond Cabinet convinces Lincoln to wait for a Union victory on the battlefield Lincoln & his Cabinet meet to discuss emancipating the slaves of the South. -July 22, 1862

Known as the Battle of Sharpsburg in the South Battle of Antietam Lee’s first attack in the North Attempts to capture northern railroads & supply routes McClellan must protect supply lines Bloodiest Single Day battle in American history Approximately 23,000 casualities Lee retreats, leaves the field to McClellan (doesn’t pursue) Union “victory” triggers Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation Known as the Battle of Sharpsburg in the South - September 17, 1862

The Emancipation Proclamation Preliminary proclamation issued by Lincoln on Sept. 22, 1862 Five days after Antietam Official proclamation issued January 1, 1863 Has little immediate impact Only frees slaves in states that had already seceded Reproduction of Emancipation Proclamation, National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, Cincinnati, OH

The Emancipation Proclamation Proclamation is both praised and criticized Some abolitionists upset that not all slaves are freed. Frederick Douglass calls it a “righteous decree” Slaves in border states are still slaves. Runaway slaves of the South give the proclamation power.

African Americans Help the Union Main Idea: African Americans fought for the Union and made other contributions to the war effort. The Emancipation Proclamation does more than free slaves. Keeps England & France from recognizing the Confederacy. War becomes a Crusade for freedom and dignity. 215,000 African Americans serve as Union soldiers 189,000 serve in Union Army 26,000 serve in Union Navy Half are runaway slaves. Former Slaves become Union Soldiers

GLORY!!! 54th Massachusetts Volunteers All black unit Refuse pay rather than accept less than whites. Lincoln & Congress later raise pay and include back- pay. Disciplined & Brave Volunteer for “suicide mission” at the Siege of Fort Wagner, So. Car. Attack on Fort Wagner, South Carolina -July 18, 1863

Heroes of the 54th MA Sgt. William H. Carney Colonel Robert Gould Shaw Receives the Medal of Honor -First African American to receive U. S. military’s highest honor Colonel Robert Gould Shaw

Boston - Monument to the 54th MA

Fighting Racism The Tuskegee Airmen: African American pilots who flew with distinction during World War II

Breaking Barriers (in sports) Serena & Venus Williams Jackie Robinson Jack Johnson Tiger Woods Bill Russell Arthur Ashe

Fighting for Civil Rights “I Have a Dream” speech in Washington D.C. in 1963 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Defeating Racism? Barack Obama: first black President of U.S.