Drifting Towards Disunion APUSH Chapter 19 1854 – 1861 How did the Creation of popular sovereignty in the new U.S. territories result in additional conflict that led to the Civil War?

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811–1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 p. 411 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. 2 million in a decade. What theme of slavery was the focus of the book? Role in the build up to the Civil War? Southern response? Who is Hinton R. Helper?

The “Know-Nothings” (The American Party) Nativist Anti-Catholic Anti-immigrant 1849  Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

1856 Presidential Election √ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig / Know Nothing Buchanan would prove to be a president who would do little to stop secession

1856 Election Results Role of the Fire-eaters? Why did many Northerners not vote for Buchanan? How did the election of 1856 set the stage for 1860?

“Bleeding Kansas” Two gov’ts in KN? Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians) Two gov’ts in KN?

John Brown Abolitionist who led the Pottawatomie Creek Massacre in response to events at Lawrence Provoked many other attacks between proslavery settlers & free-soilers In all about 200 people are killed

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Unofficial Civil War begins in KN in 1856 Continues until it merges with full scale war in 1861 Mural in the Kansas Capitol by John Steuart Curry (20c)

Lecompton Constitution Two governments in KN? Written in 1857 by the proslavery gov’t at Lecompton, Kansas who was trying to join the Union as a slave state Free-Soilers greatly outnumbered the proslavery settlers and rejected the document President Buchanan endorsed the proslavery Lecompton Constitution b/c so many proslavery Southerners had helped him win the presidency What was the reaction to this across the country?

“The Crime Against Kansas”   Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Rep. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

The caning of Charles Sumner In the Senate, 1856 Charles Sumner gives an anti-slavery speech in which he insults an SC Senator, Andrew Butler Sen. Butler’s nephew, Preston Brooks later walks into the Senate and beats Sumner in the head repeatedly with his cane

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 Why did Scott claim he was free in 1834? B/C he had lived in free territories What did the Supreme Court say about Dred Scott & slaves in general?

Dred Scott Case Three rulings in the Dred Scott Case Slaves did not have rights of citizens Scott had no claim to freedom b/c he was living in MO Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Why? Popular sovereignty also unconstitutional

What caused the Panic of 1857?? p. 419 What were its affects on the nation?

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand. - Abraham Lincoln Most famous debate? Major Issues of the debate?

Popular Sovereignty outlawed by the Dred Scott Decision? Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine: Effort to revive Popular Sovereignty

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859 Plan? Reaction across the United States?

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

√ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union 1860 Presidential Election Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860 p. 426 Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers. Protective tariff [for the N. Industrialists]. No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election Results What is significant about the election? Why did the Democrats split? Why was Douglass unacceptable to some Democrats? Why would SC be pleased with the result? What did the Republicans seem to threaten?

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Late 1860 SC unanimously voted to secede By 1861 11 states had left the Union Jefferson Davis chosen as CSA President 13 original states voluntarily entered the union 11 southern states would leave Based on what precedent?

Why was Lincoln unable to stop the breakup of the Union? Why did Buchanan believe he did not have the power to stop secession?

Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to the South Senator John Crittenden (Know-Nothing-KY) Terms: Slavery prohibited north of 36,30 Slavery protected by feds south of 36,30 Rejected by Lincoln

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861