Our English Heritage

Early English Influence Early American ideas of democracy and government can be traced back to early English rule. The English brought with them a tradition of limited and representative government. England was ruled by a “monarch” for centuries. “Monarchy” is a form of government where the nation is ruled by a king or queen

Rule of King John (1199-1216) The rule of King John of England met resistance from his noble families. In 1215, they rebelled in order to maintain their authority and privileges.

The “Magna Carta” (1215) “Magna Carta” Latin for “Great Charter” was signed by King John. It was a contract that limited the power of the monarch by guaranteeing that no one is above the law (even the king or queen) – RULE of LAW

Magna Carta

The “Magna Carta” (1215) This document upheld the rights of landowners by: protecting the English nobles’ rights limiting the power of the Monarch – thus leads to a LIMITED MONARCHY!

Early English “Parliament” King Henry III(1216-1272) continued the idea that had began with earlier kings of meeting with nobles and church officials during his rule. This group of advisors became known as “Parliament”. Parliament held two houses and held a partnership with the King.

Rule of King Charles I 1625-1649 King Charles was refused tax money to support his efforts in the Thirty Years’ War, until he signed the Petition of Right. This petition further restricted the powers of the monarch by demanding : No arrests or imprisonments without the proper judgment of his peers No new taxes without the permission of Parliament

Rule of King James II (1685-1688) By the 1680’s, the monarch, King James II, began to fight with Parliament over power. In 1688, King James was removed from power by Parliament - without violence.

The “Glorious Revolution” (1688) William & Mary (the king’s daughter) were invited to take over the throne of England. That peaceful transfer of power is known as the “Glorious Revolution”.

“English Bill of Rights” (1689) The new “English Bill of Rights” was drawn up by Parliament to prevent abuse of power by future monarchs. The English Bill of Rights - stated that the English monarch had no power over the Parliament and could never again control it’s actions.

“English Bill of Rights” (1689) The new document guaranteed the following: 1. King could not suspend laws without Parliament’s approval. 2. King could not create special courts without Parliament’s approval. 3. King could not impose new taxes without Parliament’s approval. 4. King could not raise an army without consent of Parliament 5. Parliament would now be freely elected (by the people) 6. All citizens would have the right to fair trial 7. Bans cruel and unusual punishment

Limitations on Government These English documents directly shaped our modern Bill of Rights

Limited Government Documents like the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights created a tradition of limited government in England – the colonists would be influenced by these documents and the idea of limited government later on….

Great Britain Today GB has a parliamentary government that is run by a Prime Minister (executive) and Parliament (legislature). (The Prime Minister is part of the Parliament –the PM gets his authority from the Parliament – because of this the legislative and executive bodies are closely connected.) GB has a unitary (uni = 1) system of government. This is where all power lies with one central body (national government has all power and can decide if they wish to share or delegate any of their powers down to the State or local governments).

Britain’s Parliament Explained

“Common Law” “Common Law” is a system of law based on precedent and customs. Court decisions determine law, not regulations made by lawmakers. Today, American property, contract, and personal injury laws are based on this English idea of “common law”.

Early English Law Early judges ruled on cases based on “precedents”. A “precedent” is a ruling in an earlier case that was similar. This created consistency among rulings.

The English “American Colonies”                                                        

The “American Colonies” When the American colonies, a group of settlements owned by a parent country elsewhere, were established in the mid 1600’s, they brought with them English traditions of government and law.

Jamestown, Virginia (1607) “Jamestown” is the first permanent English settlement in America. They were issued a “charter” - a written document granting land and authority to set up a colonial government.

Arrival of the Pilgrims - Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620)

“Mayflower Compact” (1620) 1620, the Pilgrims - members of the “Mayflower” voyage (seeking religious freedom) drew up a written plan for how their government would run. This agreement was the Mayflower Compact. A “compact” is an agreement or contract among a group of people.

“Mayflower Compact” (1620) 41 of the men aboard the Mayflower agreed to this compact. The “Mayflower Compact” established a tradition of direct democracy and this is the first example of the first document establishing SELF GOVERNMENT in the colonies that would become the USA.

English Colonies Grow The success of Jamestown and Plymouth led to the development of other colonies. By 1733, there were 13 English colonies from Massachusetts to Georgia. Each colony maintained its own colonial government.

Colonial Governments Colonial governments each had an appointed governor and a legislature Only free adult males participated. As time moved on, the colonial governments did more and more on their own. The “British” government remained occupied (busy) at home…and was located very far away from the colonies

Colonial Rule Each of these 13 colonies were formed uniquely between 1607-1733. The colonies were considered either Royal, Proprietary, or Charter Colonies. Each with different styles of rule. The similarities among the 13 colonies drastically outweigh these differences, and they all shared their English origin.