The Henrician and Edwardian Reformation, Marian Reaction, and Elizabeth I Henry VIII held no Protestant convictions. He objected to papal control of the English Church not for doctrinal reasons, but because he believed that he should be its Supreme Head. In 1521 Henry VIII published a book A Defense Of The Seven Sacraments against the ideas of Martin Luther (in the actual writing he was helped by Sir Thomas More,) and willingly accepted from the Pope the reward of the title of "Defender of the Faith."
King Henry VII
Margaret Tudor [to Scotland], Henry VIII’s Sister
Arthur, Prince of Wales [1500] Young Henry VIII
Young Catherine of Aragon
Henry VIII [r. 1509-1547]
Stained Glass Window of Catherine of Aragon
Mary I [28 years old]
Henry VIII’s CHildren 1510 Daughter - died 1511 Son - died 1513 Son - died 1514 Son - died 1516 Mary - survived 1518 Daughter - died 1533 Elizabeth - survived 1534 Son - died 1535 unknown - died 1536 Son - died 1537 Edward - survived
Henry Fitzroy (1519-36), Duke of Richmond (1525): Illegitimate Son of Henry VIII
#1--Catherine of Aragon [1485-1536]
Henry VIII
The Henrician Reformation Catherine of Aragon bore one surviving child- Mary. Catherine was in her early 40s Henry asked Pope Clement VII (via Wolsey) for an annulment based on Lev. 18:16 & 20:21 He fancied Anne Boleyn C V (HRE) influenced Clement NO ANNULMENT
Henrician Reformation The Reformation Parliament (1529-36) and the twisting of the Papal arm Charged English Clergy with praemunire "Submission of the Clergy" (May 1531) Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates (1532) Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533) January 1533, Henry VIII married the pregnant Anne Boleyn, and in May Cranmer dutifully declared the marriage to Catherine invalid. A daughter, Elizabeth, was born in September 1533.
Henrician Reformation 1534 Act of Supremacy stated simply that the English Monarch (in this case H8) was “the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England.”
#2--Anne Boleyn [1501-1536]
Anne Boleyn Miniature
Queen Elizabeth I [1546]
Tower of London from the Air
Tower of London: The Bloody Tower
Tower Green [Where Anne Boleyn was Executed]
#3--Jane Seymour [1508-1537]
“Baby” Edward VI
Henry VIII’s Family
Henry VIII Medallion: Head of the Church of England
Henry VIII
#4--Anne of Cleves [1515-1557]
Anne of Cleves
Anne of Cleves Miniature Henry referred to Anne as “The mare of Flanders” and the union was over with very quickly. Hans Holbein, who painted and delivered the portrait of Anne to Henry was fired.
Henry VIII at Middle Age
#5--Katherine Howard [1525-1542]
Katherine Howard
Hampton Court [Where Katherine Howard Was Arrested]
#6--Katherine Parr [1512-1548]
“Prayers and Meditations” authored by Katherine Parr
Katherine Parr
Henry’s Deathbed
Edward VI
Edward VI [r. 1547-1553]
The Edwardian Reformation Raised as a Protestant, E VI makes more concrete changes in English Church doctrine Cranmer introduces the Book of Common Prayer (1549) (: /) The Act of Uniformity 1549 (An Acte for the unyformytie of Service and Admynistracion of the Sacramentes throughout the Realme.) All images in churches to be dismantled Celibacy no longer required by clergy Lady Jane Gray named as heir
“Ruled” England from July 10–19, 1553 Lady Jane Grey “Ruled” England from July 10–19, 1553
Queen Mary I or “Bloody Mary” [r. 1553 – 1558]
Philip II & Mary Tudor
The Marian, or, Catholic Reaction/Restoration 1st Act of Parliament was to have H8’s marriage to her mother validated thus invalidating everything that followed. Cardinal (Pole) became Archbishop of Canterbury (Cranmer’s fate) Married Philip II of Spain All who were found guilty of heresy were executed (Foxe’s Book of Martyrs) Mary dies, 1558, childless
Elizabeth I, Queen at last! r. 1558 - 1603
Sir William Cecil
Queen Elizabeth I [1533-1603]
Elizabeth I [1572]
Elizabeth I [1572]
Elizabeth I [1572]
Elizabeth I [1572]
Elizabeth I [1580]
Elizabeth I [1592]
Elizabeth I [1592]
Elizabeth I [1600]
Elizabeth I [1603]
Elizabethan Reformation Religion was number one problem Hmmm, she could not be Catholic since the RCC considered her illegitimate. She had witnessed the turmoil brought about by E VI’s doctrinal reforms. 1559 Reformation Bill Too harsh- does not pass 1558 Act of Supremacy 1558 Act of Uniformity
Foreign Policy Problems
Map of the Spanish Armada Route
Mary of Scotland’s Parents James V of Scotland Mary of Guise
Young Mary Stuart
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary Stuart in Captivity
Mary, Queen of Scots [Before Her Execution]
Execution of Mary of Scotland
Miniature of James I / VI
James I [r. 1603 - 1625]