Biometrics : From Yesterday to Tomorrow Informatics is IT for People Biometrics : From Yesterday to Tomorrow Lim Eyung eyung@tp.edu.sg Temasek Polytechnic/Lecturer Biometric Technical Committee of Singapore/Secretary

Biometrics = Bio(life) + Metrics(to measure) “Biometrics” in Greek Biometrics = Bio(life) + Metrics(to measure)

-Spanish explorer Joao de Barros Biometrics in History First known example of fingerprinting, which is a form of biometrics, in China during the 14th century. Chinese merchants used ink to take children's fingerprints for identification purposes. -Spanish explorer Joao de Barros

Biometrics in History French police officer and biometrics researcher created anthropometry First scientific identification system Based on physical measurements mug shot and the systematization of crime-scene photography remain in place to this day. - Alphonse Bertillon (April 24, 1853 – February 13, 1914)

Evolution of Biometric Technologies From Events 500 B.C. Evidences of biometric being used as person’s mark 1858 Systematic capture of biometric samples for identification purpose - Manual 1903 NY State Police beings using Fingerprint Bertillon’s System collapses 1970s Face, Fingerprint, Hand and Speech Biometrics moving towards automation. 1986 First standard on Fingerprint minutiae data exchanged published by NIST 2002 ISO Sub-committees on Biometrics established

Biometrics in Authentication Context Something they know (password, PIN) Something they have (identity document or token) Something they are (human body: Biometrics) Not exactly…

physiological and/or behavioral characteristics Biometrics are: measurable physiological and/or behavioral characteristics can be used to verify the identity of an individual

Identifiable Biometric Characteristics • Biological traces – DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid), blood, saliva,etc. • Physiological characteristics – fingerprints, eye irises and retinas, hand palms and geometry, and facial geometry • Behavioral characteristics – dynamic signature, gait, keystroke dynamics, lip motion • Combined – voice

Verification Am I who I claim to be? One to one camparison e.g. ID Card presented before biometric sample

Identification Who am I? One to many comparison e.g. present only your fingerprint to the system

Biometric Applications - ePassports      Has biometric passports     Only for diplomats      Will have in the near future Source : wikipedia

Biometric Applications – Disney World, Orlando Throughput: 100K/day, 365 days/year

Challenges faced with Biometric Implementations Privacy (Social Acceptability) Template vs. Image, Personal Info Storage vs. Biometric Info Storage, Match-On-Card… Consistent Measurements Changes in lighting conditions, Aging, Glasses, Biometric Fusion(Multimodal Biometrics)… A 0% clonability is required Biometrics are like very long passwords that you cannot change… From Features to Better Features PCA, Spectral vs. Minutiae

Biometric Forecasts (http://www.biometricgroup.com/reports/public/market_report.html)

Current and Future Trends Identification to Verification Multiple Factor, One-to-One Single to Multiple Modality Biometrics Palm + Hand Geometry, Face + Iris… Liveness Detection Fingerprint to FingerVein, 2D Face to 3D Face… “Local” product to globalization Standardization…ISO/IEC SC37 19794, 29794, 29109 Image to Interoperable Template ISO/IEC SC37 19794, CBEFF

Temasek Polytechnic in Biometric Developed “on-board” Gesture Recognition System (Tan Kah Kee Young Inventor’s Award)

Temasek Polytechnic in Biometric Developed and maintained Biometric Conformance Testing Suite for ISO 19794-4/5 Face/Finger Image Biometric Data Interchange Record for IT Standard Committee of Singapore Co-authored Technical Reference on Fingerprint Quality Measurement (SPRING) Represented Singapore/Project Co-Editor in ISO SC37 and Asian Biometric Consortium Conference.

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