MAP READING AND LAND NAVIGATION

OVERVIEW MP # I - MAP MP # II- MARGINAL INFORMATION MP # III - MAP SCALE AND SYMBOL MP # IV - MILITARY GRID REFERENCE SYSTEM MP # V - MAP ORIENTATION MP # VI - SCALE AND DISTANCES MP # VII – ELEVATION AND RELIEF

MAP MAP - is a mathematically determined presentation of a portion of the earth’s surface systematically plotted to scale upon a plane surface. MARGINAL INFORMATION MARGINAL INFORMATION- it is placed into operation, the user must read the instruction. It is important that you as future leader, know how to read these information and symbol. Sheet Name- is founding two places: the center of the upper margin and either the right or left margin.

Sheet Number – is found in two places: the upper right margin and the lower left margin: it is used as reference number for that map sheet. Series Name- is found in the upper left margin. Bar Scale- Those are located in the center lower margin

SHEET NAME The sheet name is found in two places. The center of the upper margin and either the left or right side of the lower margin. A map is named after the most prominent cultural or geographical features. Whenever possible the name of the largest city / town is used.

SHEET NUMBER The sheet number is found in two places, the upper right margin and the lower right margin. It is used as a reference number for that map sheet.

SERIES NAME: LUZON Scale - 1

BAR SCALES

LEGEND

Contour Interval Note- is found in the center lower margin normal below the bar scale. Adjoining Sheet Diagram- contains a diagram that illustrates the adjoining sheet. On map at 1: 1000,0000 and larger scale at 1: 100,000 scale, the diagram is called the index to adjoining sheets.

Elevation Guide – some Maps at scales of 1 : 100,000 and karger a miniature characterization of the terrain is show by a diagram in the lower right margin of the map. Declination Diagram- is located in the lower margin of large scale maps indicates the angular relationship of the true north and magnetic north. Grid Reference Box- the grid reference box contains instruction for composing a grid references.

COLORS USED IN THE MAP

Black - Indicates cultural (man-made) features such as buildings and roads, surveyed spot elevations, and all labels.

Red-Brown - The colors red and brown are combined to identify cultural features, all relief features, non-surveyed spot elevations, and elevation, such as contour lines on red-light readable maps.

Blue – identifies hydrography or water features such as lakes, swamps & rivers

GREEN – Vegetation with military significance such as woods, orchards and vineyards.

Red – classifies cultural features, such as populated areas, main roads and boundaries.

OTHERS – maybe used to show special information.

MAP SCALE AND SYMBOL Small scale- Maps at scales of 1: 600,00 and smaller are used for general planning and strategic studies at higher echelons. Medium Scale- Maps at scale larger than 1; 600,000 but smaller than 1: 75, 000 are used for planning operation, including the movement of troops and supplies. Large Scale- Maps at scale of 1: 75,000 and larger are used to meet the tactical technical and administrative needs of fields. Conventional Sign- are sign in map to indicate objects in the ground. Military Symbols- are sign composed of diagram, letter, abbreviation, color or combination thereof, which is used to identify and distinguish a particular unit, activity or installation.  

MILITARY GRID REFERENCE Military Grid Reference System- is the geocoordinated standard used by NATO militaries for locating points on the earth. The MGRS is derived from the UTM grid system. Identifying Location- is a simple method of giving location most of us have used time, but present problem in undeveloped areas.

MILITARY GRID REFERENCE SYSTEM

GRID LINES are identified by a specific number which is printed in the margin directly opposite the lines indicated. 11 12 13 14 38 38 N-S LINE GRID LINES 37 37 E-W LINE 36 36 35 35

GRID SQUARE - A network of square formed by NS and EW grid lines placed on the map. The distance between grid lines depends on the scale of the map. (1 km or 1000 mtrs)

GRID SQUARE (4 digits) AREA OF ONE GRID SQUARE IS – 1,000 SQ MTR OR 1 SQ KM 1000 MTR 1000 MTR

RECITATION (GRID SQUARE) 11 12 13 14 38 38 GC: 1137 GC: 1237 GC: 1337 37 37 GC: 1136 GC:1236 36 36 GC: 1135 GC: 1335

GS: 1236 is the yellow square GS: 1236 is the yellow square. The first 2 digits which is vertical line 12 encompasses 3 squares. But if line 36 (2nd 2 digits) which also encompasses 3 squares is added, this will show exactly where GS: 1236 is located. 11 12 13 14 38 38 36 37 37 37 GS: 1236 11 12 13 14 36 36 36

GRID COORDINATES (GC) SIX (6) DIGITS (SAMPLE GC: 315634) THE GRID SQUARE IS DIVIDED INTO 100 EQUAL PARTS EACH SMALL SQUARE HAS AN AREA OF 100 SQ MTR

THE GRID SQUARE IS DIVIDED INTO 100 EQUAL PARTS 11 12 13 38 GS: 1237 37 36

EACH SMALL SQUARE HAS AN AREA OF 100 SQ MTR 12 13 37 38 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100 SQ MTR

HOW TO DETERMINE THE 6 DIGIT COORDINATES OF A GIVEN POINT IN THE MAP RED STAR – GC: 12 1 37 6 RED ARROW – GC: 12 6 37 5 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 YELLOW CIRCLE - 8 GC: 12 37 4 7 6 YELLOW SQUARE - GC: 12 37 9 3 5 4 RED CROSS GC: 12 37 2/3 8 3 2 RED CIRCLE GC: 12 3/4 37 2/3 1 37

MAP ORIENTATION Is the relationship between on a map and compass directions? The word oriet is derived from orient, meaning east, In the middle ages, many maps were draw with east at the top.  The Scales of maps are commonly indicated in two ways: the Representative Fraction (RF)  

CONT… Large Scales commonly has the RF of 1:7,500 and 1; 50,000. It simply means that one unit of measure on the map is equivalent to 50,000. Of the same unit of the ground. The distance between two points is determinate by measuring between points on the map and multiplying the map measurement by the denominator of the RF.

DIRECTIONS Direction- is defined as an imaginary straight line on map or ground and expressed as unit of angular measure. In map reading we refer to the as an azimuth. Degrees- a unit of latitude or longitude, equal to 1/360 of a circle to locate and designated places on the earth.   True North- a line from any point on the earth surface to the north pole. All lines of longitude are true north lines.

Magnetic North- a declination to the north magnetic pole, as indicated by the north seeking needle of magnetic instrument, usually symbolized by a halt arrowhead. Grid North- the true north that is established by the vertical lines on the map may symbolizes by letters GN the letter Y. Declination- is the angular difference between true north and either magnetic or grid north

Grid Azimuth- a horizontal angle measured clockwise from grid north. Magnetic Azimuth- a horizontal angle measured clockwise from magnetic north. Grid Magnetic Angle- An angular difference between grid north and magnetic as measured from grid north.   Azimuth- is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line

Back Azimuth – is the reverse direction of an azimuth Back Azimuth – is the reverse direction of an azimuth. It is comparable to doing an about face when viewed backward. Compass- magnetic or lensatic compass is the most commonly used and simplest instrument for measuring directions and angles in the field.

Mass and Compass Method under Case Front sight Rear sight   Bezel or Holding Ring

Thumb Loop   Bar Scale Cover Base Lens or rear sight

Protractor- it comes in several forms full circle, half circle and rectangular. All of them divided a circle into units of angular measure and regardless of their shape, consist of a circle round the outer edge and an index mark.   Intersection Method- is the location of an unknown point bt successively occupying at lest two but preferably three known position and sighting on the unknown positionon the ground and map sighting on the unknown positon.

Resection Method- the location of the user position by sighting on two or three known features is called resection.   Modified Resection- the method of locating ones position on the map when the person is located on a linear feature on the ground, such as a road, canal, stream power lines

ELEVATION AND RELIEF - The elevation of point on the ground and the relief of an area affect the movement positioning, and in some cases, effectiveness of the military units. Soldiers should understand how the mapmaker indicated the elevation and rlief of the map. Datum Plane- this is a reference from which the vertical measurement is taken

Elevation- the vertical distance of points in the earth if it is above or below mean sea level. Relief- is the presentation of the shape of hill, valleys, stream or landforms on the earth. Contour Lines- represent an imaginary line on the ground, above or below sea level.

SUMMARY MP # I - MAP MP # II- MARGINAL INFORMATION MP # III - MAP SCALE AND SYMBOL MP # IV - MILITARY GRID REFERENCE SYSTEM MP # V - MAP ORIENTATION MP # VI - SCALE AND DISTANCES MP # VII – ELEVATION AND RELIEF

THANK YOU AND GOOD DAY