CAR/SAM Regional Guidance Material on Air Traffic Services Quality Assurance Programmes NAM/CAR/SAM Quality Assurance Workshop Gustavo De León Regional Officer, Air Traffic Management and Search and Rescue ICAO NACC Regional Office NAM/CAR/SAM Air Traffic Services Quality Assurance Workshop (Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, 26 to 30 November 2001)

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION   NORTH AMERICAN, CENTRAL AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN OFFICE   CAR/SAM REGIONAL GUIDANCE MATERIAL ON   AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES   QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMMES   Chapters 9 – 11   Version 1.0   November 2001

Contents Chapter 9. Proficiency Training Programmes Chapter 10. ATS Safety Management Chapter 11. Human Factors

Chapter 9. Proficiency Training Programmes Introduction Proficiency training is necessary to maintain and update the knowledge and skills necessary to apply air traffic control procedures in a safe an efficient manner Proficiency training includes: Refresher training Supplemental training Skill enhancement Remedial training

Chapter 9. Proficiency Training Programmes May be accomplished in many different ways External Internal (local/in-house-in proficiency training) Most practical and efficient Train staff as instructors (may involve external training) After returning from training they would train others to become instructors (train-the-trainer) Proficiency training may include: Training videos - Separation minima Discussions/briefings - ATS incidents Operational procedures - Contingency procedures Emergency procedures - Effects of volcanic ash to Coordination procedures aviation

Chapter 9. Proficiency Training Programmes Is required for: All ATS operational personnel (supervisors and controllers) Support personnel who maintain operational currency Purpose Maintain and upgrade knowledge and skills necessary to apply air traffic control procedures in safe and efficient manner Training needs will vary between different ATS units Describe proficiency training programme in ATS unit directive Annual schedule of proficiency training requirements Document training provided in controller’s training record

Chapter 9. Proficiency Training Programmes Types of proficiency training Refresher training Recurring training conducted to maintain and update previously learned knowledge and skills Supplemental training Training administered to ATS operational personnel prior to implementation of new/revised procedures, regulations, equipment

Chapter 9. Proficiency Training Programmes Types of proficiency training (cont.) Skill enhancement training Training assigned, normally by the supervisor, when it is determined that a need exists to increase the skill(s) of a controller in a position on which he/she is certified Remedial training Training assigned to correct specific performance deficiencies

Chapter 9. Proficiency Training Programmes Refresher training topics Unusual situations Infrequently used procedures Safety alerts/traffic advisories Wake turbulence Line up and wait procedures Deicing procedures Bird activity information Strayed or unidentified aircraft orientation Interception of civil aircraft Meteorology procedures for ATC Radar backup systems ATS contingency plan procedures Effects of volcanic ash to aviation Coordination procedures Civil/military coordination/joint use airspace Separation minima Radar vectoring techniques Speed control techniques Situational awareness ATS incident reduction Aircraft performance and characteristics ATC communications Prevention of runway incursions Special VFR operations Level assignment Local manual of operations Letters of agreement Arrival/departure procedures Weather Noise abatement ATS unit file/life safety procedures

Chapter 10. ATS Safety Management “This material is extracted from Amendment No. 40 to Annex 11 and Amendment No. 4 to PANS-ATM Doc. 4444, both applicable on 1 November 2001”

Chapter 10. ATS Safety Management Introduction States implement systematic and appropriate ATS safety management programmes to ensure that safety is maintained in the provision of ATS within airspaces and at aerodromes by 27 November 2003 ATS safety management programmes Provide for regular monitoring and assessment of safety level achieved Identify potential hazards and determine the need for remedial action Ensure that remedial action necessary to maintain an acceptable level of safety is implemented

Chapter 10. ATS Safety Management Objectives of ATS safety and capacity management Ensure established ATS level of safety is met within an airspace or aerodrome Safety-related enhancements are implemented ATS capacities conforming to actual needs – as far as practicable and subject to safety considerations Facilitate efficiency and economy in aircraft operations through use of flexible airspace

Chapter 10. ATS Safety Management ATS safety management activities Monitoring overall safety levels and detection of any adverse trend Safety reviews of ATS units Safety assessments Airspace re-organizations New or changed ATS procedures Establish need for safety enhancing measures Review ATS capacities Traffic demands, balancing capacity and traffic demands Flexible use of airspace Gain capacity and efficiency

Chapter 10. ATS Safety Management Monitoring of safety levels Periodically collect and review safety related data to evaluate level of safety achieved in ATS and to detect any adverse trends Safety reviews Conduct safety reviews of ATS units on a regular basis Safety review topics include: Regulatory issues Operational and technical issues Licensing and training issues

Chapter 10. ATS Safety Management Safety Assessments Need for safety assessments Acceptable level of safety Safety-significant factors Need for safety-enhancing measures Reviews of airspace and ATC capacity Capacity assessments Regulation of ATC capacity and traffic volumes Enhancements to ATC capacity Flexible use of airspace

Chapter 11. Human Factors ICAO Assembly adopted Resolution A26-9 in 1986 on Flight Safety and Human Factors Incorporation of Human Factors related SARPs in several ICAO Annexes and documents: PANS-OPS, Doc. 8400, PANS-ATM, Doc. 4444, Annex 10 and 11 Human Factors Guidelines for Air Traffic Management Systems Manual, Doc. 9758

Chapter 11. Human Factors (cont’d) Human Factors knowledge in ATS systems and practices plays an important role in air traffic quality assurance Important concepts in the development acquisition and implementation of ATM systems: Human centered automation Situation awareness Error management Findings of Human Factors research projects useful to Air Traffic Controllers: Extracts from “Human Factors to Air Traffic Control Specialists: A User’s Manual for your Brain” FAA – November 1995

Chapter 11. Human Factors (cont’d) Information useful to air traffic control personnel Controller/pilot voice communications Memory Fatigue Effects of stress on information processing Techniques Help reduce probability of voice communications errors Remembering specific information Identifying stress that could affect performance Reduce fatigue

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