Discovery of Cells 1600’s Anton Van Leeuwenhoek made some of the earliest microscopes 1665 - Robert Hooke Published book of drawings of microscopic observations Hooke called the rectangular chambers in cork “Cells”
Discovery of Cells 1839 Theodor Schwann found cell structure in animal tissues Schwann concluded that animals were made of cells Robert Brown found the nucleus in some cells Matthias Schleiden suggested that the nucleus played a part in cell reproduction 1855 Rudolf Virchow studied cell reproduction Virchow concluded that Plant and Animal cells are created by the division of preexisting cells
Modern Cell Theory 1- All living things are composed of cells 2- Cells are the smallest working units of living things 3- All cells come from preexisting cells by cell division
Types of cells There are two types of cells - Prokaryotic - Eukaryotic
Types of cells - Prokaryotic Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus or organelles Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria
Types of cells - Eukaryotic Eukaryotic cells have at least one nucleus and other organelles Eukaryotic cells are found in Plants, Animals, Protists, and Fungus.
Organelle essentials Cell wall
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Cell wall - made of cellulose, very porous, gives cell support, found in plants Found outside of cell membrane
Organelle essentials Cell membrane
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Cell membrane - controls what enters and exits cell, Structure, 2 lipid layers with protein and carbohydrate molecules embedded in it
Organelle essentials Cytoplasm
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Cytoplasm - cell fluid
Organelle essentials Cytoskeleton - made of microfilaments and microtubules
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Cytoskeleton - made of microfilaments and microtubules - microfilaments - long solid protein structures - microtubules - long hollow protein structures Used for support and movement in the cell
Organelle essentials Plastids - found only in plants Includes the following 3 types... Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts, and Leucoplasts
Organelle essentials Chloroplast
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Chloroplast - place for photosynthesis, Contain green disks “grana” and fluid “stroma”
Organelle essentials Chromoplast
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Chromoplast - container for pigment (color)
Organelle essentials Leucoplast
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Leucoplast - container for starch
Organelle essentials Vacuoles
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Vacuoles - containers for water in plants, for food and water and waste in animals
Organelle essentials Lysosomes
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Lysosomes - container for digestive enzymes sometimes called “suicide sacs”
Organelle essentials Nucleus
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Nucleus - controls cell - contains genetic info
Organelle essentials Nuclear Envelope
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Nuclear Envelope - controls what enter and exits nucleus - Made of membrane contains many pores
Organelle essentials Nucleolus
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Nucleolus - inside nucleus, makes ribosomes
Organelle essentials Chromosomes
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Chromosomes - inside nucleus, made of chromatin - contain the genetic material (DNA)
Organelle essentials Mitochondrion
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Mitochondrion - “Powerhouse of the cell” site for “cellular respiration” (Burning food . to release energy) folded membrane inside is called cristae
Organelle essentials Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) -pathways in the cell rough Endoplasmic Reticulum -Many ribosomes smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum -Few ribosomes
Organelle essentials Ribosomes
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Ribosomes - Site for Building proteins - Sometimes called “Protein Factories”
Organelle essentials Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Bodies)
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Bodies) - modifies, folds, and packages protein
Organelle essentials Centrioles - Help in nuclear division in animal cells
Organelle essentials
Organelle essentials Centrioles - Help in nuclear division in animal cells
First 5 minutes Put your Final Jar Project Together and Turn it in at the Lab Bench with the Sign