Particles in Solution

The Nature of Solvents What dissolves what or why does a substance dissolve in one solvent but not another? Solvents with non-polar molecules dissolve solutes with non-polar molecules Solvents with polar molecules dissolve solutes with polar molecules Remember “like dissolves like”

Are there any exceptions? Yes!!!!! Some substances form solutions with both polar and non-polar solutes How? Solvents such as ethanol have a polar and non-polar end which allows it to dissolve polar and non-polar solutes. Substances with both polar and non-polar

Particles in Solution How do substances break up in solution? Dissociation Ionic Solids (metals bonded with non-metals) separate into positive and negative ions Example – NaCl dissociates in Na+ and Cl- Ionization The breaking apart of certain polar substances to form ions when dissolved in water Example: HCl + H20  H30+ + Cl- When a substance that separates ions or forms ions in a water solution is called an electrolyte This means it can conduct electricity

What is a non-electrolyte? A non-electrolyte is a substance, such as pure water, that does not conduct electricity.

Effects of Solute Particles Why do you add antifreeze to your car instead of just using water as a coolant? Why do you put salt on the ground when it is going to be cold?