Circuit Diagrams Circuit diagrams use symbols to represent the different components of an electric circuit The most common components of simple electric.

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Presentation transcript:

Circuit Diagrams Circuit diagrams use symbols to represent the different components of an electric circuit The most common components of simple electric circuits are batteries wires light bulbs resistors switches

Types of Electric Circuits Components in an electric circuit can be organized in two fundamentally different ways Series circuits all of the components are lined up in a single loop there is only one path for current to flow through Christmas-tree lights use series circuits Parallel circuits some of the components are in branching loops there are multiple paths for current to flow through most household circuits are parallel circuits

Series Circuits

Series Circuits In a series circuit: The total current is the same as the current in the individual resistors (there is only one loop and the current has to be the same everywhere in it) IT = I1 = I2 = I3 = etc. The total voltage is the sum of the individual voltages (each resistor uses only part of the battery voltage) VT = V1 + V2 + V3 + etc. The total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances (the current has to go through all of the resistors) RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + etc.

Parallel Circuits

Parallel Circuits In a parallel circuit: The total current is the sum of the individual currents (only part of the total current flows through each resistor) IT = I1 + I2 + I3 + etc. The total voltage is the same for each resistor (each resistor is connected directly to the battery) VT = V1 = V2 = V3 = etc. The reciprocal of the total resistance is the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances (multiple resistors allow more current for the same voltage) 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + etc.

What Happens When… You add a light bulb to a… series circuit – the existing bulb(s) get dimmer (the voltage at the existing bulb(s) is reduced) parallel circuit – the existing bulb(s) do not change (the voltage at the existing bulb(s) is unchanged) A light bulb burns out in a… series circuit – the remaining bulb(s) go out (the circuit is now an open circuit) parallel circuit – the remaining bulb(s) stay on (each light bulb is connected directly to the battery)

Electric Power and Energy Electric power is the rate at which electric energy is used It is equal to the voltage times the current P = V x I Power is measured in Watts (W) Electric energy is equal to electric power times time E = P x t Household electric energy usage is expressed in kilowatt-hours [kWhr]