Medical Terminology & Kinesiology

Learning Objectives 1. Know the importance of being able to read, write, and communicate using medical terminology. 2. Identify common roots and combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes. 3. Break down medical terms into their component parts and interpret the terms correctly.

Why is medical terminology important? Standardized communication Helps to decipher complex information Understand diagnoses & procedures Treating patients Fast & easy documentation

General Information Most of medical terminology is rooted in Greek and Latin Abbreviations can have multiple meanings Pronunciation varies from practitioner to practitioner Correct spelling is crucial: Ileum: part of the small intestine Ilium: part of the hip bone Terms generally consist of a root, prefix and suffix

Pronunciation Sounds like… May begin with… Example F Flatus Ph Phlegm J G Gingivitis Jaundice K C Crepitus Ch Cholera Kyphosis Qu Quadriplegia S Cytology Ps Psychologist Serology Z X Xeroderma Zygote

Definitions Prefix: placed at beginning of root to change it’s meaning May also indicate location, number or time Ex: Pre- means before Root word/Combining Form: central part of the word Usually describe part of the body or color Ex: cyan/o means bluish Suffix: placed at end of root to modify it’s meaning Usually indicate a procedure, condition, disorder or disease Ex: -itis means inflammation Abbreviations: shortened form of a word May be derived from a Latin word May be an acronym Ex: PRN “pro re nata”: as needed Ex: ROM: range of motion

Putting It Together Peri- cardi/o -ectomy Mono- chrom/o -tism Hypo- chondr/o -iasis

Kinesiology kines(i)-:movement -ology: the study of Anatomical Position: reference point Face forward Arms at sides Palms Forward Feet close together

Body Directions Superior vs. Inferior Anterior vs. Posterior Medial vs. Lateral Distal vs. Proximal Superficial vs. Deep Ventral vs. Dorsal Caudal vs. Cephalic Supine vs. Prone

Body Planes 3 imaginary planes: Sagittal: divides body into L and R halves Medial, lateral Frontal (coronal): divides body into front and back portions Anterior, superior Transverse: divides body into upper and lower parts Superior, inferior

Body Movements Extension: straightens or opens joints Flexion: bends a joint or brings bones closer together Adduction: brings limb medially—toward midline Abduction: move limbs laterally—away from midline

Special Movements Medial (internal) rotation: limb turns towards midline Lateral (external) rotation: limb turns away from midline Circumduction: combination of flex, ext, add & abd Horizontal Abduction: shoulder movement, flexion and abduction Horiztonal Adduction: shoulder movement, flexion and adduction Rotation: turn head side to side Lateral Flexion: ear to shoulder Opposition: thumb to pinky Supination: Forearm: palm up Feet: outside edge of foot Pronation: Forearm: palm down Feet: inside edge of foot

Special Movements Plantar Flexion: ankle movement—gas pedal Dorsiflexion: ankle movement—toes to nose Protraction: protrude/move anteriorly Retraction: retreat/move posteriorly Deviation: moving away from normal position Upward Rotation: bottom of scapula moves up and lateral Downward Rotation: bottom of scapula moves down and medial Elevation: move superiorly Depression: move inferiorly Supine: lying face UP Prone: lying face DOWN Side-lying: lying on side