Chapter 14: Religion Robert K Matt K Eric B Cassie E Megan B Period 1

Section 1 Key Terms: Religion: a unified system of beliefs and practices concerned with sacred things Sacred: Holy; set apart and given a special meaning that goes beyond, or transcends, immediate existence. Profane: non sacred Profane Sacred

Religion and Sociology Sacred things take on a public character that makes them appear important in themselves; profane things do not. Every culture is different. ex: Babe Ruth was a baseball idol. His bat he used was profane. It had no special meaning. Today, however, his bat is enshrined in the baseball Hall of Fame. It is no longer used by anyone therefore it represents values and power in the baseball community. It went from being profane to gaining sacred qualities. Sociologists study religion through watching people involved in their religious activities. They cannot determine which religion people should follow.

Section 2: Theoretical Perspectives Legitimate: to justify or give official approval to Spirit of Capitalism: the obligation to reinvest money in business rather than to spend it Protestant Ethic: a set of values, norms, beliefs, and attitudes stressing hard work, thrift, and self-discipline

Religion gives formal approval to existing social arrangements -tells us why some people have power and others do not Religion encourages a sense of unity Religion provides a sense of understanding -provides people meaning beyond day-to-day life Religion promotes a sense of belonging -provides opportunities for people to share important ideas, ways of life, and ethnic or racial backgrounds Conflict Theory and Religion Karl Marx Believed religion works against social change Once people have created a unified system of sacred beliefs and practices, they act as it were something beyond their control People have the power to change the religion they have created Max Weber Believed that religion encourages social change Karl Marx

World Religions

Section 3 Key Terms: Church- is a life-encompassing religious organization to which all members of a society belong Denomination- is one of several religious organizations that most members of a society accept as legitimate Sect- is a religious organization formed when members of an existing religious organization break away in an attempt to reform the “parent group” Cult- is a religious organization whose characteristics are not drawn from existing religious traditions within a society Religiosity- the types of religious attitudes and behavior people display in there everyday lives

Religiosity Belief- what a person considers to be true Ex: People believe that Jesus is son of God or that there is no God but Allah Ritual- Religious practice that members are to perform Rituals can be private like prayer or public like mass Intellectual dimension- knowledge of holy or sacred scripture Religious persons are to be knowledgeable about there faith Experience- Encompasses certain feelings attached to religious expressions Ex: a religious believer may feel close to the deity when praying Consequences- descions and commitments that people make as a result of there religious belief Consequences can be either social or personal

Section 4 Key Terms: Secularization: process through which the sacred loses influence over society Fundamentalism: the resistance of secularization and the rigid adherence to traditional religious beliefs, rituals, and doctrines. Example of secularization: Teacher back then Teacher now-a-days

Religion in the United States Section 4: Religion in the United States The U.S. guarantees religious freedom. There is a decrease concerning the relative importance of religion in the U.S. today. ex: most early teachers were nuns or church members. Over time in the U.S. this function was taken over by the state although many church sponsored schools still exist. Only 9% of the American population is without a religious preference. 76% identify themselves as Protestants, Catholics, or Jews. Religious preference: protestants-50%, Baptist-16%, Methodist-8% Lutheran5%, Presbyterian- 3%, Episcopalian- 2% Catholis-24%, Jews-2% Fundamentalism: Believe in the literal truth of the scriptures, or in taking the bible as “face value”. Fundamentalism are grown through the years. It provides a strong anchor in a confusing world. Churches are more formal and impersonal, and are sacred. And even electronic churches are a big influence on the growth of Fundamentalism.

Religious affiliation is related to social class( as measured by education and income). Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and Jews are at the top of the stratification structure. Below them are Lutherans, Catholics and Methodists. Political: Catholic and protestants make a huge population of the democratic Party and Episcopalians and Presbyterians make a huge population of Republican Party. Religion and Science: religion and science sometimes come into heated conflict (ex: Monkey Trail 1925). Science includes the Big Bang and Evolution Theories which contradicted the bible based explanations such as creationism. Today many people are questioning whether" pure science” can remain independent of cultural or social norms, as some scientist believe. Cloning is a big issue now.

First slide: http://images. google. com/images Section 1 Pictures: http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&ndsp=18&hl=en&q=buddha&revid=. http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&hl=en&sa=1&q=nice+cars&aq=f&oq= http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&hl=en&ei=xn4HSqHLDeaClAesgozkBA&sa=X&oi=spell&resnum=0&ct=result&cd=1&q=babe+ruth%27s+bat&spell=1 Section 2 Pictures: http://samuelatgilgal.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/karlmarx.jpg Section 3 Pictures: http://k53.pbase.com/o5/96/711096/1/67629124.fDjTrjLo.AmishFamily.jpg Section 4 pictures: http://www.fbc-dearborn.org/photos/Easter.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl= http://www.lonnawilliams.com/Hanukkah.jpg