9 Sci - Chemistry Chemical Bonding.

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Presentation transcript:

9 Sci - Chemistry Chemical Bonding

Chemical Bonding Where is water?

Chemical Bonding A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms. Atoms are held together by the interaction of their outer shells (valence electrons) Atoms can join together to form larger substances .

Compounds

Compounds

Compounds

Types of Bonding Chemical bonds can be either ‘strong’ or ‘weak’ Strong Bonds Metallic Bonding – Metal with metal Ionic Bonding – Metal with non-metal Covalent Bonding – Non-metal with non-metal Weak Bonds Dipole-dipole Hydrogen bonding Dispersion forces

Ionic Bonding An ionic bond results from the complete transfer of one or more electrons from a metal to a nonmetal. Atoms of different elements can join together to form new substances. A substance which is made up of two or more different types of atoms is known as a compound. One way this can occur is for atoms to form ions.

Ionic Bonding What is it? NON-METAL METAL

Ionic Bonding Metals usually want to give electrons (electron doners) Becomes positively charged ion (cation) Non-Metals usually want to take electrons (electron receivers) Becomes negatively charged ion (anion) Changes name suffix to –ide (e.g.ChlorineChloride) The metal will donate the electron to the non-metal The cation and anion are opposite in charge and become attracted to each other (electrostatic forces)

Ionic Bonding Example: Sodium Chloride - NaCl

Ionic Bonding + = X2 Example 2: Calcium Chloride Calcium Atom Atomic Number = 20 Valence Electron = 2 Calcium gives 2 electrons to become stable Chlorine Atom Atomic Number = 17 Valence Electron = 1 Chlorine receives 1 electron to become stable Calcium Cation = Ca2+ Chloride Anion = Cl- Calcium joins with 2 Chloride ions to become: Calcium Chloride = CaCl2

Ionic Bonding Table showing Valency of Ions