Unit 5 Chapter 11 Fundamentals of Genetics Section 11.1 Mendel’s Legacy

I) Gregor Mendel Genetics: study of how traits & characteristics are transferred from parent to _________ Gregor Mendel: “Father of Genetics” Combined Plant breeding Statistics Careful recordkeeping

II) Mendel’s Experiment Mendel experiment garden peas with 7 characteristics to see which trait would be passed to offspring Traits: specific inherited characteristics Example: Characteristic: Trait:

II) Mendel’s Experiments Mendel started growing peas that were pure for each trait Pure: Mendel self-pollinated the peas until: P1 generation:

II. Mendel’s Experiment Mendel controlled the reproduction of the plants (___________) Pollination: pollen from reproductive parts of one flower is mixed w/ another flower

II. Mendel’s Experiment Self-pollination: mixing with the same plant/flower Cross-pollination: mixing anther a different plant/flower

II. Mendel’s Experiments Cross Pollinated: Ex: Characteristic: Plant Height Trait: Short x Tall Mendel recorded the results & called the offspring the F1 generation

Example P1 generation: Pure Green x Pure Yellow = __ generation

II. Mendel’s Experiments 7) Mendel then crossed two F1 generation seeds

Example P1 generation: Pure Green x Pure Yellow = __ generation F1 generation x F1 generation = ____ generation

III) Mendel’s Results and Conclusions there was a “factor” in pea controlling the traits results varied btwn 2 traits he felt that the “factor” came in pairs

Example P1 generation: Pure Green, Pure Yellow Pure Green x Pure Yellow = F1 generation F1 generation: 2 Green F1 gen. x F1 gen. = F2 generation Green x Green = 3 Green + 1 Yellow F2 generation: 3 Green + 1 Yellow

III. Recessive and Dominant Traits Mendel saw that one P1 trait would not show in the F1, and reappear in F2 Dominant: factor that would dominated and mask the other trait Recessive: factor that could be masked by a dominant trait

IV. Mendel’s Laws Law of Segregation: a pair of factors is segregated, or separated, during the formation of gametes

IV. Mendel’s Laws Law of Independent Assortment: factors for different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently

V. Chromosomes and Genes Molecular Genetics: study of structure and function of chromosomes and genes Genes are in pairs or alleles Alleles are represented by letters Dominant: Uppercase Recessive: Lowercase