Chapter 8: Japan Mr. Hernandez

Section 8.1: Geography and Early Japan Geography Shapes Life in Japan Island Life Mountainous – only 20% flat Settlements near the sea Separate from the mainland of Asia Close to Korea and China

Section 8.1: Geography and Early Japan Early Japanese Society The Ainu (EYE-noo) Different language Different look Almost gone but still exist today

Section 8.1: Geography and Early Japan Early Japanese Society (con’t) The First Japanese Lived in villages ruled by clans Clan leaders believed to be descended from nature spirits called kami Developed a religion around kami rituals called Shinto Shrines and ceremonies dedicated to kami

Section 8.1: Geography and Early Japan Early Japanese Society (con’t) The First Emperors The Yamato Clans Japan Learns from China and Korea Language – Chinese characters Philosophy – Confucianism Religion – Buddhism

Section 2: Art and Culture in Heian 794-1185 Chapter 8: Japan Section 2: Art and Culture in Heian 794-1185

Section 2: Art and Culture in Heian QW 8-1: Should I Stay or Should I Go? Imagine your are part of the social elite in a changing Japan. You are very comfortable and familiar with your hometown, where the emperor lives as well. One day, the emperor decides to move his home and the capitol hundreds of miles away from where your estate is located. With your wealth, you can afford to move with him, or you can save your money and stay. What do you do? Why?

Section 2: Art and Culture in Heian The Heian Culture Japanese Nobles Create Great Art Capitol Idea! Heian Kyo Imperial Court Court life elegant and easy Serve and advise Classism – social elite

Section 2: Art and Culture in Heian Japanese Nobles Create Great Art Fashion High sense of fashion Literature Heavy emphasis on speaking and writing Women authors Lady Murasaki Shikibu The Tale of Genji

Section 2: Art and Culture in Heian Japanese Nobles Create Great Art Visual Art Architecture Performing Arts Noh Play (1:10)

Section 2: Art and Culture in Heian Buddhism Changes Pure Land Buddhism Zen Buddhism

Section 3: Growth of a Military Society Chapter 8: Japan Section 3: Growth of a Military Society

Section 3: Growth of a Military Society QW #2: Sho’nuff Shoguns You are a Japanese warrior, proud of your fighting skills. For many years you’ve been honored by most of society, but you face an awful dilemma. When you became a warrior, you swore to protect and fight for both your lord and your emperor. Now your lord has gone to war against the emperor, and both sides have called for you to join them. How will you decide whom to fight for?

Section 3: Growth of a Military Society Heian Losing Touch with Reality Samurai and Shogun Take Over Japan The Rise of the Samurai Daimyo – landowners who often hired armies of Samurai Samurai – servants that who served shogun and daimyo

Section 3: Growth of a Military Society Samurai and Shogun Take Over Japan (con’t) Shoguns Rule Japan The Minamoto clan was a prominent clan in the Heian period, and the clan from which all shogun have claimed descent. Defeating the Taira clan in the Genpei War (1180-1185) and uniting Japan, the Minamoto established the first shogunate. no Yoritomo, the Minamoto leader, became the most powerful man in Japan (Samurai Archives) He used the emperor as a figurehead, and took the title of shogun Samurai Society Emperor > Shogun > Daimyo & Samurai > Peasants

Section 3: Growth of a Military Society Samurai Live Honorably High Social Status Bushido – Samurai code, “way of the warrior” Self-discipline Peaceful rituals Zen Buddhism Loyalty Seppuku Women and men Bushido and Modern Japan

Section 3: Growth of a Military Society Internal Rebellion Emperor v. shogun v. daimyo No central power to impose order in Japan Order Breaks Down Foreign Invasion Mongols come to town Kamikaze – the divine wind

Section 3: Growth of a Military Society Strong Leaders Take Over Unification Under New Leaders Oda Nobunaga leadership First guns in Japan Tokugawa Ieyasu leadership Moved the capital to Edo – modern day Tokyo Traded with other countries and even allowed Christian missionaries Isolation Dissent with the Tokugawa 1630’s Japanese rulers began to practice isolationism Banned guns Lack of technology allowed the samurai period to last into the 1800s