Quiz on feb 8th A week from Wednesday. Poetry Terms Quiz on feb 8th A week from Wednesday.

What is poetry?

poetry Poetry is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language—such as phonaesthetics (such as sound symbolism, and metre)—to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the literal meaning. The use of figurative language is one way we can evoke meaning in a poem. There are several ways to use figurative language.

Figurative language Figurative language is using figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive and impactful. Figures of speech such as metaphors, similes, allusions go beyond the literal meanings of the words to give the readers new insights. On the other hand, alliterations, imageries, or onomatopoeias are figurative devices that appeal to the senses of the readers. Similes and Metaphors: Simile: a comparison of two unlike things using “like” or “as” She was as pretty as a flower Metaphor: a comparison of two things without using like or as She is a flower

Figurative language Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes. The non-human objects are portrayed in such a way that we feel they have the ability to act like human beings Onomatopoeia is defined as a word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. It creates a sound effect that mimics the thing described, making the description more expressive and interesting. Hyperbole, derived from a Greek word meaning “over-casting” is a figure of speech, which involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis Alliteration is derived from Latin’s “Latira”. It means “letters of alphabet”. It is a stylistic device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound, occur close together in a series Imagery means to use figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses Symbolism is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense.

personification The woods glared at me angrily The sea bawled with anguish The sky screamed with angst The flower smiled happily The house welcomed me

Onomatopoeia BAM! CRACK! POW! WHAM! WHACK! POOF! SLURP!

Hyperbole There were a million students at school today The sun burned like a fire on my back I am so hungry I could eat a horse I am so angry I could explode

Alliteration Jennifer jumps jollily Mariam Makes Molasses Sadek sees stars Ali always alludes to apples Heba haunts hallways Raneem rarely runs rigorously

Imagery It was dark and dim in the forest. – The words “dark” and “dim” are visual images. The children were screaming and shouting in the fields. – “Screaming” and “shouting” appeal to our sense of hearing or auditory sense. He whiffed the aroma of brewed coffee. – “whiff” and “aroma” evoke our sense of smell or olfactory sense. The girl ran her hands on a soft satin fabric. – The idea of “soft” in this example appeals to our sense of touch or tactile sense. The fresh and juicy orange is very cold and sweet. – “ juicy” and “sweet” when associated with oranges have an effect on our sense of taste or gustatory sense.

Symbolism (NOT ON QUIZ) In our daily life, we can easily identify objects, which can be taken as examples of symbol such as the following: The dove is a symbol of peace. A red rose or red color stands for love or romance. Black is a symbol that represents evil or death. A ladder may stand as a symbol for a connection between the heaven and the earth. A broken mirror may symbolize separation

Symbolism (NOT ON QUIZ) We find symbolic value in Shakespeare’s famous monologue in his play As you Like It: “All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players; they have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts,” The above lines are symbolic of the fact that men and women, in course of their life perform different roles. “A stage” here symbolizes the world and “players” is a symbol for human beings.

EM DASH (not on quiz) The EM dash is perhaps the most versatile punctuation mark. Depending on the context, the em dash can take the place of commas, parentheses, or colons—in each case to slightly different effect. the em dash is best limited to two appearances per line Otherwise, confusion rather than clarity is likely to result. She rose— To see her brother leave She wept- As she grieved  

Cadence (NOT ON QUIZ) Cadence is derived from a Latin word “cadentia” that means “a falling”. It is the term used to signal the rising and falling of the voice when reading a literary piece. In poetry, it is the momentary changes in rhythm and pitch. Cadences help set the rhythmic paces of a literary piece. Most of the cadence examples in literature fall under either one of these: Imperfect or half cadence – In poetry, a half cadence is a pause. Half cadence is represented with a comma and semi-colon in poetry. This rhythm does not sound final and often the lines end with indecisive tension. 2. Perfect or authentic cadence – It comes at the end of the phrase in a poem.

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