Do Now Please hand in your outlines into the bin. Make sure your name is at the top. Then answer: Why is it important to living organisms that nutrients cycle? What would happen if matter bound in living matter was never recycled?

Cycles Biogeochemical cycle- exchange of matter through the biosphere. Energy is transformed into usable forms Cycling of nutrients in the biosphere involves: Matter in living organisms Physical processes found in the environment Ex. weathering

Water cycle What processes are involved?

Water Cycle Water in the atmosphere is called water vapor. Water vapor rises, cools, and condenses into droplets:(Condensation) Water falls from the clouds as rain, sleet, or hail (Precipitation) Ground water and runoff from land surfaces flow into streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. This will evaporates into the atmosphere (Evaporatation) 90% evaporates from oceans, lakes and rivers. 10% evaporates from surface of plants (Transpiration)

Water cycle

Do Now Please take out your homework, and place it on your desk. Then start to review your notes on the carbon cycle

Carbon cycle Carbon enters the atmosphere as Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from respiration (breathing) and combustion (burning like fossil fuels, volcanoes, etc.)

Balance this….. What is this? 6 6 6 C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H20 + ATP

These producers then put off oxygen as a byproduct! Carbon cycle Carbon dioxide is absorbed by producers to make carbohydrates in photosynthesis . These producers then put off oxygen as a byproduct!

What is the opposite of this? Oxygen is a byproduct Glucose is the overall GOAL!!! 6 6 6 C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H20 + ATP Do plants also do respiration?

What type of Metabolism? Cellular respiration —organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell -type of process: Photosynthesis —light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell -Type of Process:

Carbon cycle Animals feed on the plants. Thus passing the carbon compounds along the food chain. Most of the carbon these animals consume, however, is exhaled as carbon dioxide.  The animals and plants then eventually die.

Carbon cycle The dead organisms are eaten by decomposers. The carbon that was in their bodies is then returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. In some circumstances the process of decomposition is prevented. The decomposed plants and animals may then be available as fossil fuel in the future for combustion. 

Carbon Cycle

Carbon Cycle: Why do we need it?! Animals produce carbon dioxide Producers absorb that and release oxygen as a byproduct which is what we need for survival. Oxygen is then used in respiration to help make energy!!

Do Now – Label the area this happens 1. Photosynthesis 5. Cholorplast 2. Cellular respiration 6. Mitochondria 3. Glucose 7. Carbon dioxide 4. Oxygen

Do Now What is the composition of the air we breathe?  

What is Nitrogen? Nitrogen (N)- Element needed to make proteins Can exist as a gas (N2) Bounds to make other compounds Consumers get nitrogen by eating plants or animals that contain nitrogen

How does it get into our bodies? How is nitrogen used in our bodies? 2 ways…… How does it get into our bodies? How is nitrogen used in our bodies? DNA contains nitrogen (A, T, C, G) called…. Nitrogen bases Muscle (meat) is protein…. Made of nitrogen-containing amino acids

Nitrogen Fixation Nitrogen in the air (N2) is changed into a useable form for plants into ammonia, or nitrates

3 ways Nitrogen Fixation occurs…… 1) Lightning – splits the N2 in the air – forms new nitrogen compounds

Nitrogen Fixation 2) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria on the roots of legumes

Nitrogen Fixation 3) Synthetic Fertilizers

Nitrification Nitrogen in the soil (or water) is changed from ammonia/ammonium to nitrites then into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria Plants love Nitrates!

Denitrification Nitrogen in the soil/water is returned to the atmosphere (N2) by denitrifying bacteria

Decomposition & Excretion Nitrogen in an organism is returned to the soil by…. 1) Decomposition

Decomposition & Excretion 2) Excretion – urine & feces (NH₃)

Ammonification Microorganisms and decomposers converts nitrogen to ammonia (NH₃) Usually comes from animal waste Performed by bacteria

Fertilizers help add nitrogen to the soil when applied to lawns, crops, or other areas.

Nitrogen Fixation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NKGS4bj7cc 30

Do Now: Nitrogen Quiz