Ancient River Valley Civilizations

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Presentation transcript:

Ancient River Valley Civilizations 1. Mesopotamia: Tigris and Euphrates Rivers 2. Egypt: Nile River 3. India: Indus and Ganges Rivers 4. China: Yellow and Yangtze Rivers

The Growth of Civilization Agricultural Revolution: farming created settled communities The five traits of a civilization Cities Writing Specialized workers Complex institutions Technology

Mesopotamia / Fertile Crescent Located between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

Some contributions of Mesopotamia civilizations Sumer: first civilization, plow, sailboat, wheel, cuneiform, ziggurats, polytheism Babylon: Code of Hammurabi Phoenicians: the alphabet and improved shipbuilding Jews: ethical monotheism, Judaism Persians: well-built empire based on tolerance

Egypt, “Gift of the Nile”

History of pharaohs Around 3200 B.C., King Narmer of Upper Egypt conquered Lower Egypt and united the two kingdoms The Egyptian kings used the title of “pharaoh” and were considered god/kings

Some contributions of Egyptian civilization Hieroglyphics Egyptian religion (polytheistic) Pyramids Mummification Medicine

Indus Valley Located between Indus and Ganges Rivers

Some of the many contributions of Indus Valley civilizations include. . . Sanskrit Hinduism Buddhism Reincarnation Caste system

Complex Institutions Religion in the Indus Valley Hinduism Hinduism is a mixture of Aryan and ancient Indian culture The sacred writings are the Vedas that explain the basic philosophy of Hinduism. Beliefs include reincarnation, moksha, and castes.

A second religion of the Indus Valley is Buddhism. Founder = Siddhartha Gautama Beliefs = Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, Nirvana No complex rituals, as in Hinduism, and it is taught in the everyday language.

China’s River Valley Located between the Yellow (Huang-He) and Yangtze (Chang Jiang) Rivers

Chinese philosophies Confucianism: based on family, respect and education Daoism: based on living simply and harmony with nature Legalism: based on a strict and powerful government

Some of China’s many contributions include. . . Printing The Great Wall of China Dynastic cycle Mandate of Heaven