SPE-177377- MS Experience of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods At Azerbaijan Fields Ibrahimov Kh.M., Abdullayeva F.Y., Guseynova N.I. («Oil Gas Scientific Research Project» Institute, SOCAR)

Scheme of Microbial EOR (MEOR)

Nutrients are injected into the formation from the surface Microorganism cultures and nutrients are pumped into the formation from the surface Nutrients are injected into the formation from the surface Oil- sweeping agents are formed direct in the reservoir during injection of nutrients - molasses, whey and other industrial wastes Microorganisms waste products are formed on the surface of industrial plants. Surfactants, biopolymers, emulsifiers, when added to water improve its displacing properties Technology for microbial stimulation of  hard-to-recover reserves 

Structure of EOR within biotechnological methods Biotechnology methods  biopolymers polymer flooding oil-sweeping acids Tertiary methods acid treatment surfactant flooding micellar flood alcohols biosurfactants CO2 , CH4 , H2 , N2 displacementby  CO2 and other gase

The basic aspects of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) Bioreagents are injected into the formation Petroleum and bioreagents oxidation (formation of displacement agents:acids (amino acid, acetic acid and hydroxy propionic acid), alcohols (amyl, butyl,ethyl) bioSAA (emulsan), polysaccharides (xanthan), formation of CO2) Aerobic microbiological process Thickening of displace water by microorganisms Selective blockage of high permeability formations Anaerobic microbiological process Nitrate reduction: : 2NO3- + 5CH3COOH- → N2 +5CO2 + 5H2 + 6OH- Carbonate reduction : 4H2 + CO2 → CH4 + 2H2O Sulphate reduction: 8[H] + SO42- → H2S + 2H2O + 2OH Pore clogging  by bio formations and FeS : 4Fe2+ + H2S + 2OH- + 4H2O → FeS↓ + 3Fe(OH)2 + 6H The basic aspects of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR)

Reagents used for biological stimulation Activated sludge total number of microorganisms 108 – 1012 cells / ml Milk whey, number of components per g / 100g lactose 3,8 - 4 proteins 0,75 – 1,1 fats 0,02 – 0,4 mineral salts 0,52 – 0,6 C12H22O11 + 12O2 → 12CO2 + 11H2O Molasses, number of components per g/100g saccharose 51,0 other organic substances 19,0 nitrogen 1,5 ammonium salts 2,63 amino acids 30,91 betaine and protein 64,84 C6H12О6  2CО2 + 2C2H5ОH (ethanol)

Amount of generated biogas cm3 Creating biocompositions: gas generation in biosystems Days AS AS+M +50%MW +50%М 5%М 10%М 15%М Amount of generated biogas cm3 5 120 500 1200 170 340 10 320 2400 430 1054 2500 15 - 1900 3300 1500 3000 Structure of biosystems: 40 cm3 of oil, 200 cm3 of water and 150 cm3 of bioreagent

Application of MEOR on the onshore fields of Azerbaijan

Economic performance of MEOR implemented by "Azneft"PU (as of 01.01.2015) OGPD, number of stimulation objects The amount of injected culture liquid, t Amount of producer wells under stimulation Total oil production due to technology, t Specific technological effect, t/t milk whey activated sludge molasses For all objects 17077,8 7948 243,5 338 169296,0 6,7 “Binagadineft” (5) 9312 3666 - 142 87037 “Balakhanineft” (3) 1176 538 24 11277 6,6 “Surakhanineft” (1) 2409 17 34141 14,2 “Bibiheybatneft” (3) 1547,2 1092 165,5 56 23438,5 8,4 Named after A.D.Amirov (4) 2188,4 2302 48 52 8023 1,8 Named after G.Z.Tagiyev (1) 166 200 7 3047 8,1 “Absheronneft” (2) 279,2 150 30 39 2332,5 5,1 9

Criteria for effective application GEOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL (properties of reservoir fluids, depth and thickness of the oil-saturated reservoir), the parameters and characteristics of oil-containing reservoir (reservoir fluid saturated pore space, mode of occurance, etc.); TECHNOLOGICAL (fringe size, the concentration of agent in the solution, well spacing, injection pressure, etc.); MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL (availability of equipment, nutrient substrates and microorganisms, etc.). 10

Application of MEOR in field "Bibiheybat" Horizon, targeted object Year of stimulation start-up Water cut % Injected composition Wells exposed to stimulation V (1) 1998 91 MW + AS 20 V (2) 2003 89 MW 31 X 2006 85 AS + M 9 Properties of the 1st object at the V horizon Location Plottage, ha Depth, m Net productive zone, m Formation pressure, MPa Oil saturation, % Actual oil production,% Northwest 60 550 37 1,2 51 40,7

1220 t MW and 288 t AS injected into the field Dynamics of bioreagents injection into reservoirs V horizon field "Bibiheybat" The volume injected bioreagents, m3 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 years 1220 t MW and 288 t AS injected into the field

Response to biostimulation Well The distance to injection well, m Stimulation response start-up Flow rate increase approximate 2419 200 2-2,5 months 1,36 2137 107,5 1,92 2416 225 followed all injections 1,54 long-distance 2188 835 2,0 2821 775 Summary: -production rate increase in 11 of 17 wells (65% success) -Increased flow rates -1,18 times on average -incremental oil 43,6%

The dynamics of oil production rates from V (1) horizon bioreagents injection

Distribution growth by years of oil exposure

Application of MEOR in Pirallahi field Performance Values average bedding depth , m 270 effective formation thickness, m 15,4 formation pressure, MPa 1,5 oil saturation, % 74 reservoir porosity, % 24 in-place permeability, mcm2 0,025-0,075 temperature, oС 21 Horizont Year of stimulation start-up Water cut, % Injected Wells exposed to stimulation Actual oil production% upper KS 2009 69 MW~200t 32 39

Distribution of oil flow rates of at the pilot area Pirallahi 1683 tons of incremental oil produced within 2010-2014

module filtration rate Map of the distribution functions of filtration in the experimental part of the deposit Pirallahi (Horizon SWR) equipotential lines current lines module filtration rate

Map of the distribution function of a complex building lines on the experimental plot Pirallahi field (horizon KS) in the cartesian coordinate system in the polar coordinate system

Map of the distribution of the gradients of potential and current function on the experimental plot Pirallahi field (horizon SWR) potential current

The distribution of oil flow borehole №№ 944 and 931 in time for the experimental part of the deposit Pirallahi

Thank You for attention! Slide 22 Thank You for attention!