1. High Rate Thermophilic Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment by Kaushalya C. Wijekoon Master Student (st107821) EEM/SERD Wastewater Ξ Biogas Ξ Green Energy 1/22

2. Content  Study Background Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor  Potential Application Areas  Achievements of the Study  Conclusions 2/22

3. Wastewater Treatment Options 3/22 Aerobic Biodegradation Biomass Organic Matters + O 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O Anaerobic Biodegradation Organic Matters + CO 2 + H 2 O Biomass

4. Aerobic Process: High Energy Demand Sludge Treatment 50 % of Wastewater Treatment Plant’s Energy Requirement 3/22 30 - 40 % of Wastewater Treatment Plant’s Energy Requirement Aeration Tank

5. Anaerobic Process Why Anaerobic Process Less nutrient removal Less nutrient removal Low biomass production Low energy requirement Energy recovery through biogas Low sludge production Opportunity for nutrient recovery Low Cost & Less Energy Requirement 5/22

6. Why Thermophilic Anaerobic Process  Increased Microbial activity Promote higher loading rates, Higher Biogas Production  Effluent disinfection : Promote Wastewater Reuse 6/22

7. Thermophilic Anaerobic Process: Problems Encounter Biomass retention is crucial Membrane Bioreactor Membrane Bioreactor 7/20 Restrained thermophilic application of high rate anaerobic wastewater treatment Restrained thermophilic application of high rate anaerobic wastewater treatment Dispersed sludge production Increased biomass washout

8. 100 % Biomass Retention Ideal Solution to Biomass Washout 100 % Biomass Retention Ideal Solution to Biomass Washout Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Recirculation Pump Treated water Feed Biogas Membrane Module Concentrate Biomass Waste 8/20 Membrane Membrane Filtration : Biomass & Treated Wastewater Separation

9. Why Two Stage Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor ? Two Stage AnMBR System  Controlled reactor conditions  Increased biomass activity  Increased process stability Permeate Biogas Methanogenic Reactor Membrane Module Concentrate Recirculation Feed Biogas Hydrolytic Reactor 9/22 Advantages : Easy to Control Optimum Conditions of Both Reactors Increased Biogas Production Increased Process Stability Higher Organic Loading Higher Organic Matter Removal Efficiency

10. Potential Applications of Thermophilic Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor  Palm Oil Industry Wastewater  Pulp and Paper Industry  Food Processing Industry  Sea Food Industry  Tanneries  Sugar Manufacturing  Textile Industry 10/22 Hot wastewater from Industries

11. Palm Oil Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart FFB Transportation of FFB Sterilization Cooking (Digestion and Pressing) Clarifier All Wastewater Streams are at High Temperature Treshing EFB Wastewater 11/22

12. Wastewater from Plant Palm Oil Industry Wastewater Treatment 12/22  Loss of Energy  GHG Emission  Inefficient Treatment  Massive Land Requirement  Loss of Energy  GHG Emission  Inefficient Treatment  Massive Land Requirement Step-Aeration Anaerobic Pond System

13. Palm Oil Industry : Wastewater Characteristics Energy Loss High Organic Loading 13/22

14. Palm Oil Processing : Energy Recovery from Anaerobic Membrane bioreactor Sterilization Digestion and Pressing Treshing EFB Wastewater Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor 14/22 Energy Back to the Plant

15. Experimental Setup : Two Stage AnMBR Treated Water 15/22 Gravity flow to the membrane

16. Experimental Setup : Two Stage Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor 16/22 Biogas Treated Water Biogas Gravity flow to the membrane

17. Ceramic Microfilter membrane with 0.1 µm nominal pore size Membrane Operation in Partial Sedimentation Mode Membrane : Mode of Operation 17/22 Gravity Flow to Membrane Low Energy Requirement

18. Experimental Setup 18/22 Hydrolytic Rector Methanogenic Rector External Membrane Two Stage Thermophilic Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Two Stage Thermophilic Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor

19. Organic Matter Removal Efficiency Higher Removal Efficiency Can Treat high concentration wastewater effectively : (used wastewater concentration = 10,000- 24,000 mg/L) Have the Potential to work in high loading rates. 19/22 Major Achievement s Almost all Organics Removed Organic Matter Removal : 96 %

20. Biogas Generation & Methane Composition Methane Composition = 60 % : similar or higher than other reactors High Gas Production = 5 times of reactor volume : Very Good 20/22 Days Biogas Composition (%) Biogas Generation (L/d) 60 % of Methane

21. Methane Yield of Two Stage AnMBR High Methane yield Good Performances over Single Stage/ mesophilic Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors and over other Anaerobic Reactors 21/22 Methane Yield = 0.3 – 0.4 m 3 CH 4 /kg COD removed.d

22. Conclusions 22/22 High Temperature & High Concentration Wastewater High Temperature & High Concentration Wastewater Two Stage Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Efficient removal of Organic Matter Energy Generation : Green Energy ( 1.5 kWh/m 3 ) Energy Generation : Green Energy ( 1.5 kWh/m 3 )

24. Conclusion Two Stage AnMBR Energy Requirement 0.9 kWh/m 3 Energy Generation 1.5 kWh/m 3 A Net Energy Generation 22/22

25. Organic Matters (Carbohydrate, Protein, Fats) Organic Matters (Carbohydrate, Protein, Fats) Simple Organic Matters (Glucose, Amino Acid, etc) Simple Organic Matters (Glucose, Amino Acid, etc) Hydrolysis Volatile Fatty Acids (Acetic, Butyric, Propionic) Volatile Fatty Acids (Acetic, Butyric, Propionic) Acidogenesis H 2, CO 2 Acetate CH 4 + CO 2 Anaerobic wastewater Treatment Process Methanogenesis Acetogenesis 2/20 Wastewater a Green Energy

26. Fresh Fruit Bunch sterilization Digestion Wastewater from the Industry Cooling Pond Palm Oil Industry Wastewater Generation : Outlook 11/22

27. Existing Treatment Method  Loss of Energy  GHG Emission  Inefficient Treatment  Massive Land Requirement  Loss of Energy  GHG Emission  Inefficient Treatment  Massive Land Requirement Anaerobic Pond System 13/22

28. pH &Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) Higher Volatile Fatty Acid Generation : 3000-7000 mg/L Higher Reactor Stability : Constant pH regardless increasing volatile fatty acid concentration 19/22 Hydrolytic Reactor Major Achievement Other Reactors 2500 - 3000 mg/L VFA =2500 mg/L pH = stable 5.5 VFA =4700 mg/L VFA =7000 mg/L