Coloring the Periodic Table Families Some images are from www.chem4kids.com www.middleschoolscience.com 2008

Families on the Periodic Table Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families based on their chemical properties. Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. Elements in each family react differently with other elements. There are 10 families

ALKALI METALS Group 1 Hydrogen is NOT a member, it is a non-metal 1 Valence Electron All metals Extremely reactive, esp. with water Most reactive metals Conduct electricity and heat Low densities Soft and silvery Examples: Salt/Photography

ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 2 Valence Electrons All Metals Reactive, but less than Alkali metals White, silvery and malleable Conduct electricity and heat Higher densities than alkaline metals EXAMPLES: foods, cement, chalk, vitamins

TRANSITION METALS Groups 3-12 Most have 1 or 2 valence electrons All Metals Reactive, but less reactive than group 2 Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes. Good conductors of heat and electricity. Some are used for jewelry or coins Shiny EXAMPLES: jewelry, thermometers, coins

BORON FAMILY Group 13 3 Valence Electrons Most are metals, Boron is a metalloid Reactive, but not as much as group 1 and 2 Solid at room temperature Properties begin to vary among elements EXAMPLES: Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust and used in airplane parts.

CARBON FAMILY Group 14 4 Valence Electrons Contains metals (Sn & Pb), metalloids (Si & Ge), and a non-metal (C) Reactive Properties vary among elements Solid at room temperature EXAMPLE: Carbon is in all living things and even some nonliving things like diamonds and fossil fuels CARBON FAMILY

NITROGEN FAMILY Group 15 5 Valence Electrons Contains metals (Bi), metalloids (As & Sb), and non-metals (N & P) Reactive Properties vary among elements Solid at room temperature except N (gas) EXAMPLE: Nitrogen is 80% of the air we breathe

OXYGEN FAMILY Group 16 6 Valence Electrons Contains metalloids (Te & Po), and non-metals (O, S & Se) Reactive All but Oxygen are solid at room temperature EXAMPLES: air (Oxygen) and H2SO4 is the most widely used compound in industry

Halogens Group 7 7 Valence Electrons All are non-metals Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1 in the form of salts Most reactive Nonmetals Never found pure in nature EXAMPLES: Many are used in salts and disinfectants

Noble Gases Group 8 8 Valence Electrons = Full Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full All Non-metals Not reactive with other elements - INERT Exist as colorless, and odorless gases EXAMPLES: Lights & blimps

Rare Earth Metals Valence numbers Vary All are metals Lanthanides (elements 58-71) Actinides (elements 90-103) They are reactive Some are Radioactive Silver, silvery-white, or gray metals Conduct electricity EXAMPLES: Some used to create electricity and some are used in smoke detectors