1. Coloring the Periodic Table Families
Some images are from
2008

2. Families on the Periodic Table
Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.
Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.
Elements in each family
react differently with
other elements.

3. Periods Each row is called a “period”
The elements in each period have the same number of shells
1st Period = 1 Shell
2nd Period = 2 Shells
3rd Period = 3 Shells
4th Period = 4 Shells

4. Groups Group 8 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron
Except for He, it has 2 electrons
Group 2 = 2 electrons
Each column is called a “group”
3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”.
The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons”

5. Transition Metals
Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons.
This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry.

6. ALKALI METALS Group 1 Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal
1 electron in the outer shell
Soft and silvery metals
Very reactive, esp. with water
Conduct electricity
Image:

7. ALKALI METALS Alkali Metals Family Properties: Soft and silvery metals
Outline Corresponding box same color as group
Alkali Metals Family
Properties:
Soft and silvery metals
Very reactive, esp. with water
Conduct electricity
Color Group/Family
Image:

8. AlkalineEarth Metals Family
Properties:
Reactive, but less than Alkali metals
Conduct electricity

9. Group 2
2 electrons in the outer shell
White and malleable
Reactive, but less than Alkali metals
Conduct electricity

10. TRANSITION METALS Groups in the middle
Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Some are used for jewelry.
The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.
Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

11. BORON FAMILY Group 3 3 electrons in the outer shell Most are metals
Boron is a metalloid

12. CARBON FAMILY Group 4 4 electrons in the outer shell
Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)

13. NITROGEN FAMILY Group 5 5 electrons in the outer shell
Can share electrons to form compounds
Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

14. OXYGEN FAMILY Group 6 6 electrons in the outer shell
Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals
Reactive

15. Halogens Group 7 7 electrons in the outer shell All are non-metals
Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1

16. Noble Gases Group 8 Exist as gases Non-metals
8 electrons in the outer shell = Full
Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full
Not reactive with other elements

17. Rare Earth Metals Some are Radioactive
The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.
Conduct electricity

18. The end of the study guide.
The next guide is determining
shells and valence electrons