Cold War Thaws Chapter 17 Section 5 U.S. and the U.S.S.R. begin to cooperate

Nikita Khrushchev Becomes the Soviet leader after Stalin’s death in 1953. Criticized Stalin for jailing and killing Soviet citizens. Destalinization-purging Stalin’s memory from Soviet society

Destalinization The Hungarian Uprising 10/1956: the Hungarian army joined the people in an overthrow of the Soviet controlled government The people declared that no one wanted Communism Imre Nagy formed a new liberal government, promised free elections, and demanded the Soviet troops leave The Soviet sent tanks, and troops into Budapest to stop the uprising A new pro-Soviet government was installed and Nagy was executed

Leonid Brezhnev Khrushchev lost prestige because of the Cuban missile crisis. Replaced by Leonid Brezhnev Basic human rights strictly limited

Revolt in Czechoslovakia 1968: Alexander Dubcek loosened the controls on censorship The period of new thought became known as the Prague Spring To stop the reforms in Czechoslovakia, troops from the Soviet block nations invaded Brezhnev said the Soviets had the right to stop its satellites from rejecting Communism This became known as the Brezhnev doctrine

The Soviet – Chinese Split Mao & Stalin signed a 30 year treaty of friendship in 1950 The Chinese began to split from the Soviets in world affairs They began to spread their own brand of Communism 1959, Khrushchev punished the Chinese by ending the sharing of technical aid, including nuclear weapons

Brinkmanship 1960 U-2 incident 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis 1960’s-1970’s Vietnam War

Brinkmanship Brinkmanship had led the world to one terrifying close call after another After the problems in Vietnam the US backed away from brinkmanship and moved toward Détente Détente: a policy of lessoning Cold War tensions President Nixon also uses a policy of Realpolitik Realistic politics Dealing with the powerful nations of the world because they were powerful, not based on their ideologies

Détente President Richard Nixon becomes the first U.S. President to visit Communist China (1972). Nixon also becomes the first President to visit the U.S.S.R. since the beginning of the Cold War.

SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks President Carter and Brezhnev sign SALT II in 1979 U.S. Congress refused to ratify SALT II after the U.S.S.R. invaded Afghanistan

Ronald Reagan Takes office in 1981 and moves away from détente 1983 announces SDI-strategic defense initiative Becomes known as Star Wars Tensions also increased with confrontations in Nicaragua 1985: new Soviet leadership will bring policies that will lead to a true thaw in the Cold War