INFORMATION IS POWER EVIDENCE ON COMMUNITY BASED LAND INFORMATION FOR UPGRADING COMMUNITY TENURE SECURITY IN UGANDA AND KENYA J.David Stanfield: Terra Institute, USA Oumar Sylla : GLTN/UN Habitat Cyprian Selebalo: GLTN/UN Habitat Danilo Antonio: GLTN/UN Habitat Hellen Nyamweru: GLTN/UN Habitat John Gitau: GLTN/UN Habitat

Presentation Outline CONTENT Introduction Information is power UN Habitat/Global Land Tool Network Methodology Purpose of the paper GLTN tools Achievements Custom, Law and Security of Tenure

Introduction The Global Land Tools Network (GLTN) through its partners has encouraged widespread use of two land information tools—participatory enumeration and STDM. These tools assist informal settlements‘ documentation of rights to land and properties as well as community descriptions about how people use their properties

INFORMATION IS POWER “Information is power” is a slogan used to underline the importance of settlements generating and using information about their settlements to push for their transformation. If disadvantaged people have information they will know how to better their situations of poverty. With such recognition, communities strengthen security of tenure and establish their roles in upgrading of infrastructure and their properties.

INFORMATION IS POWER; Mobilization If disadvantaged people organize to develop information about their conditions, their informed mobilization can influence government and business entities to better the conditions of impoverished communities Mobilization of impoverished communities to identify and describe their conditions and use of this information to gain influence (power) with powerful institutions, improves security of tenure and living conditions.

UN Habitat/Global Land Tools Network GLTN is a coalition of more than 75 international partners. It contributes to “poverty alleviation through land reform, improved land management and security of tenure particularly through the development and dissemination of pro-poor and gender-sensitive land tools”. It helps define land policies… “there are few policies that have been fully implemented due to lack of pro-poor, gender sensitive and large scale land tools”. Through joint initiatives, GLTN and Partners are motivated to find solutions to land tenure issues

Methodology of the Study Review GLTN institutional and project documents—strategies, plans, objectives, activities Rapid appraisals of project sites through interviews with key informants from GLTN Partners and with community key informants in three informal settlements in Kenya and three in Uganda; plus partner working in one rural community in Uganda Focus on evidence of changes in behaviors, relationships and policies from efforts of Partners and supporting agencies

PURPOSE of paper Primary Present evidence on GLTN Alliances uses of two land tools-- Participatory Enumeration and STDM in urban and rural communities in Kenya and Uganda Secondary Suggest what partners and the GLTN might do to improve both tools

Participatory enumeration Participatory enumerations is a data-gathering process, designed and conducted by the people being surveyed and which ensures the involvement of the locals from inception, design and management of the information from their settlements.

Participatory enumeration Through Slum Dwellers International (SDI) affiliates, community based data gathering and analysis incorporates SDI grassroots enumeration questions about conditions in settlements such as; sanitation, water supply, electricity, security, educational, security and health service, transportation) with GLTN questions on land tenure.

The Social Tenure Domain Model STDM is a pro-poor, gender responsive and participatory land information system developed by the Global Land Tool Network (GLTN). STDM and all software that it uses are free and open source that significantly reduces running cost. All data stored in the STDM database is owned by the user. STDM does not require internet but internet can improve data access and data sharing.

The Social Tenure Domain Model Party Person/s or group/s or public agencies Social Tenure Relationship Use rights Occupancy Ownership Informal Customary tenure Common land Tenancy Hunting Spatial Unit Land, property, structure, natural resources, objects, etc. Supporting Document Sketch, audio, video, photos etc. has with supported by

Achievement 1 The use of participatory enumeration and STDM in some, but not all informal settlement transformation process has helped get de facto recognition by governmental officials State recognition of settlement’s existence—security that will not be demolished, incorporation of settlement into the planning process of upgrading programs Encouragement of self help improvements

SANITATION

STREET LIGHTING AND DRAINAGE

Achievement 2 The settlement leadership and residents have: Cooperated with the participatory enumeration data gathering and Assumed ownership of that information and tenure information as structured in the STDM Data Centers managed by settlement representatives

Achievement 3 Some local governments have cooperated with the STDM issuance of Certificates of Occupation for documenting settlers’ rights to buildings and land. Some SDI affiliated federations and settlers continue pressuring for official Certificates of Title as protection of their rights to their properties

Custom, law and security of tenure GLTN promotion of dialogue on land policies and pro-poor land tools strives to achieve successful engagement in redefining colonial institutions such as the cadaster and land registries--based on individual rights to land for purposes of stimulating land markets. GLTN is using the successes of bottom-up gathering of geospatial data to influence fit for purpose approaches in land administration agencies.

Custom, law and security of tenure GLTN has shown how to mobilize communities to record how the many types of parties hold many types of interests to many types of spatial units which the colonial land administration institutions never recognized.

THE CONTINUUM OF LAND RIGHTS

Thank you!

NEED TO KNOW MORE? J. DAVID STANFIELD Terra Institute, USA INFORMATION IS POWER; EVIDENCE ON COMMUNITY BASED LAND INFORMATION FOR UPGRADING COMMUNITY TENURE SECURITY IN UGANDA AND KENYA J. DAVID STANFIELD Terra Institute, USA jdstanfi@wisc.edu Website: http://www.terrainstitute.org/ Danilo Antonio UN Habitat/GLTN Danilo.Antonio@unhabitat.org Website: www.unhabitat.org