Good Morning! Pass your molecule models forward! Warm Up: Today: List the four macromolecules, their monomers, functions, and an example. Today: Enzyme notes (need your own paper) Video Worksheet QUIZ (DNA Electrophoresis)
Enzymes
What Are Enzymes? Most enzymes are Proteins Act as Catalyst to accelerate a reaction Not permanently changed in the process
Enzymes Are specific for what they will catalyze Are Reusable End in –ase -Sucrase -Lactase -Maltase
How do enzymes Work? Enzymes work by weakening bonds which lowers activation energy
Enzymes Without Enzyme With Enzyme Free Energy Progress of the reaction Reactants Products Free energy of activation
Enzyme-Substrate Complex The substance (reactant) an enzyme acts on is the substrate Enzyme Joins Substrate
Active Site A restricted region of an enzyme molecule which binds to the substrate. Active Site Enzyme Substrate
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity Temperature pH Concentration Inhibitors
Temperature & pH High temperatures are the most dangerous reactions & denature enzymes (Most like normal Body temperatures) Most enzymes like near neutral pH (6 to 8) Denatured (unfolded) by ionic salts
Two examples of Enzyme Inhibitors a. Competitive inhibitors: are chemicals that resemble an enzyme’s normal substrate and compete with it for the active site. Enzyme Substrate Competitive inhibitor
Inhibitors b. Noncompetitive inhibitors: Inhibitors that do not enter the active site, but bind to another part of the enzyme causing the enzyme to change its shape, which in turn alters the active site. Enzyme Noncompetitive Inhibitor Substrate active site altered
S PECIFIC C ATALYZE U NCHANGED R EUSABLE L OCK AND KEY FIT
http://www.lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanamaker/ http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/biology1111/animations/enzyme.swf