Pakistan earthquake 2005

Key idea: The effects of, and responses to, a tectonic hazard vary between areas of contrasting levels of wealth. Primary and secondary effects of a tectonic hazard Immediate and long term responses to a tectonic hazard How effects and responses to an earthquake were different between Italy as a richer country and Pakistan as a poorer country.

How effects and responses to an earthquake were different between Italy as a richer country and Pakistan as a poorer country. Up to 4: Describe some effects and responses to the Italy and Pakistan earthquakes. 5/6: Describe a wider range of effects and responses to the Italy and Pakistan earthquakes using case study facts. Begin to explain how levels of wealth and development had an impact on how these countries were affected. 7+: Compare a wide range of effects and responses to the Italy and Pakistan earthquakes using specific case study facts. Explain how levels of wealth and development had an impact on how these countries were affected. Apply these ideas to a wider global scale.

How effects and responses to an earthquake were different between Italy as a richer country and Pakistan as a poorer country.

Kashmir, Pakistan 2005 80,000 dead L'Aquila, Italy 2009 290 dead You need to be able to compare two earthquakes; one from a rich part of the world & another from a poor part of the world.

L'Aquila, Italy Date: 6th April, 2009 Size: 6.3 on the Richter scale Death toll: 290 Cause: Movement along a destructive margin - African & Eurasian plates colliding. Kashmir, Pakistan Date: 8th October, 2005 Size: 7.6 on the Richter scale Death toll: 80,000 Cause: Movement along a destructive margin - Eurasian & Indian plates colliding.

Why did so many people die in the Kashmir earthquake? Detective Work! Why did so many people die in the Kashmir earthquake?

For each of the 5 categories can you work out which one is which? Pakistan Earthquake? Italy earthquake?

Preparation Kashmir, Pakistan L’Aquila, Italy There are laws on construction standards, but some of the modern buildings hadn't been built to withstand earthquakes This country has a Civil Protection Department that trains volunteers to help with things like rescue operations. No local disaster planning was in place Buildings were not designed to be earthquake resistant Communications were poor. There were few roads and they were badly constructed.

Primary Effects Kashmir, Pakistan L’Aquila, Italy Most of the deaths were caused by collapsing buildings 1,500 injured Thousands of buildings were damaged or destroyed 65,000 homeless A bridge near the town of Fossa collapsed A water pipe was broken near the town of Paganica Most of the deaths were caused by collapsing buildings 140,000 people were injured Entire villages were destroyed Thousands of buildings were damaged or destroyed 3 million people were made homeless Water pipelines and electricity lines were broken cutting off supply

Secondary Effects Kashmir, Pakistan L’Aquila, Italy Landslides buried buildings and people. They also blocked access roads, cut off water supplies, electricity supplies and telephone lines. Diarrhoea and other diseases spread due to unclean water Freezing winter conditions in the weeks after the earthquake caused more casualties, which meant that rescue and rebuilding operations were difficult. Aftershocks hampered rescue efforts and caused more damage. Fires in some buildings caused more damage The broken water pipe in Paganica caused a landslide

Immediate Responses Kashmir, Pakistan L’Aquila, Italy Help didn't reach the area for several days and even weeks. People had to be rescued by hand by friends, family and neighbours Tents, blankets and medical supplies were distributed within a month, but not to all areas in need International aid and equipment was brought in, as well as search & rescue teams from other people Camps were set up for homeless people with water, food and medical care Ambulances, fire engines and the army were sent in to rescue survivors Cranes and diggers were used to remove the rubble International teams with rescue dogs were sent in to look for survivors Money was provided by the government to pay people's rent. Gas and electricity bills were suspended.

Long-Term Responses L’Aquila, Italy Kashmir, Pakistan The Prime Minister promised to build a new town to replace the one that was destroyed An investigation was carried out to look into why the modern buildings weren't built to withstand earthquakes. 40,000 people have been relocated to a new town from the destroyed town of Balakot The president set up ERRA - The Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority, with a budget of £3.5 billion.

Annotate this sheet with more detailed information about ERRA's repair and rebuild projects in Pakistan

How effects and responses to an earthquake were different between Italy as a richer country and Pakistan as a poorer country.

Describe the effects of a tectonic hazard you have studied (4) L1 (1-2) Some valid effects of an earthquake L2 (3-4) As L1, but with facts from a specific case study Don’t list or bullet point or you’ll get stuck in L1! Level Marked

Using a tectonic hazard that you have studied, describe the immediate and long term responses (6) L1 (1-2) Some valid responses to an earthquake L2 (3-4) Valid immediate and long-term responses to an earthquake OR responses to an earthquake with a specific case study. L3 (5-6) Valid immediate and long-term responses using specific facts from an earthquake. The 6 mark answers will be well organised in time-scale Don’t list or bullet point or you’ll get stuck in L1!

Don’t list or bullet point or you’ll get stuck in L1! To what extent does wealth and level of development have on the impact of a tectonic hazard that you have studied? (8) L1 (1-4) Effects of an earthquake described (1-2 marks) or explained (3-4 marks) L2 (5-6) Effects of a specific earthquake with facts. Starts to consider how some earthquakes are more devastating than others. L3 (7-8) Effects of an earthquake with facts – likely to contain 2 examples to illustrate idea of ‘rich’ and ‘poor’. Clear link to wealth and level of development. The 8 mark answers will show consideration of the idea ‘to what extent’. Don’t list or bullet point or you’ll get stuck in L1!

in the Kashmir and L'Aquila earthquakes Plenary 2 Similarities 2 Differences in the Kashmir and L'Aquila earthquakes

Key idea: The effects of, and responses to, a tectonic hazard vary between areas of contrasting levels of wealth. Primary and secondary effects of a tectonic hazard Immediate and long term responses to a tectonic hazard How effects and responses to an earthquake were different between Italy as a richer country and Pakistan as a poorer country.