1. Creating a CASE STUDY ! LO: to discover WHY we create case studies LO2: TO discover the key points you need to include in your case study STARTER: In 10 lines or more fully explain the meaning of this graph, use examples in your answer

2. What is a CASE STUDY? A case study is detailed piece of RESEARCH work on a particular place, person or event. It allows you to use real examples in your exam which is expected in the final 3 questions of your Final exam

3. What goes into a CASE STUDY? Background KEY FACTS Where in the world is the place? A couple of maps help! What countries and oceans are near it (if needed) Population of the country Capital City Is it a MEDC or a LEDC Are they affected by natural hazards often? Are they affected by other natural hazards?  What type of plate boundary is it, (diagram, labels)  What are the plates involved called? Size of event (Richter scale) Time of day (local time) Death toll Were some groups effected more than others? Injuries Economic cost to rebuild Percentage of country killed/injured

4. Prediction & Preparation Primary effects Secondary effects What had been done to predict the event? Was the event predictable, if not explain briefly why not What was done to prepare/get ready for a natural hazard? What were the Government doing ? Training, education, sirens? Planning? What were the general population doing to prepare for a disaster? Earthquake proofing? Stockpiling food? Earthquake kits? What machines were used to monitor the situation?  What were the primary effects of the hazard?  How many people did the primary hazard kill?  Were the primary effects worse than people had anticipated… why? o What were the secondary effects o Were they predicted? o Were they worse than expected? o How does each secondary effect link back in to the original primary effect (could make a table) Primary Led to Secondary

5. Management How did they Manage the event LONG TERM What was done? How quickly did the government act? What did they do to save lives? Where were the injured put? Was it good enough? Did the preparation help? Did other countries have to come and help? What did they do? Did Aid agencies and charities come to help? What did they do? BUILD a TIMELINE OF MANAGEMENT How much did the whole event cost, What were the effects on the Economy of the area? Was the country given money to rebuild from other countries? Are they making any new plans on how to deal with the disaster? E.g. quake proofing? Will they be prepared for the next one? EVIDENCE!

6. Haiti Background information : 1. Poorest country in the Americas 2. Population 10 million people 3. Capital is Port au Prince 4.7 million people live on less than $2 a day 5. GNP = $11 billion ( per person = $1000) 6. Only 1/3 of port au Prince had access to taps and flushing toilets 7. Massive Earthquake in 1751 destroyed all but one building in P au P, large earthquakes in 1842 & 1946 8. Conservative plate margin, North American plate & Caribbean plate 9. This part of the fault hadn ’ t slipped in more than 250 years

7. Prediction and Preparation Due to Haiti being one of the poorest countries in the world the Government had provided no help in constructing earthquake proof buildings. 80% of the buildings in Port au Prince were unplanned shanty style houses constructed from breeze block and thick heavy roofs to keep the heat out. 2007 report informed the Haitian government that the fault under Port au Prince would slip in the next 20 years and that it would be up to a 7.2 in size Gov didn ’ t use info as they could not afford to make changes to city 2008 a story was run in Haiti newspaper, little interest by local people

8. KEY FACTS 1.12 Jan 2010 4.53 pm ( local time ) 2. 7.0 on Richter scale 3. Epicentre located around 10 miles south of Port au Prince 4. Early estimates put death toll around 250,000 5. 1 year on and with better census information US help Haiti re estimate that number to 69,000 6.4000 killed by cholera, 215,000 infected

9. Primary & Secondary 1.250,000 houses collapsed, 30,000 offices and factories collapsed 2.8 large hospitals collapse 3.4000 school buildings collapse / damaged 4.69,000 dead (2011 figures ) 5.90% of city badly damaged Secondary Small tsunami ( local ) over 1 million homeless, millions without food and water. 1000’ s bodies piled in streets and outside morgue. Injuries untreated due to collapse of medical system. Complete destruction of infrastructure and airport control tower. 100,000 s at risk of disease.

10. SHORT TERM response first week Day 1 survivors dig through rubble looking for survivors Day 2 Oxfam and other aid agencies set up relief centres Day 3 20 countries in the area send in Army support Day 4 FOOD / water / shelter start bein flown into airport, they sit on the runway as roads are still blocked Day 5 gov with help start clearing corpses from street Day 6 People start re entering buildings risking life looking for food and water Day 7 More Army and navy arrive offering help, Haiti army open fire on Looters

11. Medium term response up to 1 month Relief Aid keeps flooding in Shelters built up to 1 million people in the camps at their peak Roads cleared to allow vehicle access Aid agencies such as MERLIN start work on restoring water pipes and installing latrines and upgrading them to toilets in an attempt to prevent cholera.

12. Long term response 1 month to 10 years 39 schools rebuilt in 6 months Toilets and longer term shelters built Over 4 billion dollars donated to Haiti. Some of it is ringfenced for certin uses. Cholera outbreak in Dec 2010, 400 die, 215,000 infected Sep 2011, Riots in Port au Prince over the slow repairs which is occurring in Haiti Building being rebuilt, but not earthquake proof

14. why did so many people die in the Haiti earthquake? There are a number of reasons for this: 1.The earthquake occurred at shallow depth - this means that the seismic waves have to travel a smaller distance through the earth to reach the surface so maintain more of their energy. 2.The earthquake struck in the most densely populated area of the country. 3.Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere 4.The buildings in Port-Au-Prince and other areas of Haiti were in very poor condition in general and were not designed or constructed to be earthquake resistant. 5.3 Million people live in Port au Prince with the majority living in slum conditions after rapid urbanisation. 6.Haiti only has one airport with one runway. The control tower was badly damaged in the earthquake. The port is also unusable due to damage. 7.Initially, aid had been piling up at the airport due to a lack of trucks and people to distribute it. Water and food have taken days to arrive and there is not enough to go around. 8.Rescue teams from around the world took up to 48 hours to arrive in Haiti due to the problems at the airport. Local people have had to use their bare hands to try and dig people out of the rubble. 9.There has been a severe shortage of doctors and many people have died of injuries such as broken limbs.

15. Exam Questions choose 1!! Explain using examples why Earthquakes in LEDC’s are more devastating than in MEDC’s [8] How can good preparation and management reduce death toll in earthquakes [8]